Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital: SarajevoRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: Upper middle income
Bosnia and Herzegovina's GDP is $36.24B (2026), with a population of 3.2M, and GDP per capita of $10,546. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.7%, inflation at 2.6%, unemployment at 12.6%, government debt at 31.6% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.8 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Bosnia and Herzegovina's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.6% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 31.6% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.7% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -3.9% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 12.6% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 4.5% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 39.9% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 37.8% | 2024 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 35.3% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 20.3% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 42.7% | 2024 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 9.9% | 2024 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $9.42B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 6.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1.81 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.68 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 71.7% | 2023 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 95.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 40.9% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 54.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $12.10B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $16.08B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $8.89B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $15.85B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.00B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $3.12B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 10.6% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 6.2% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -3.5% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.03B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 49.2% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $13.89B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 4.9% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $4.41B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $703.6M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 1.1% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $307.7M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 53.9% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 48.3% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.1% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.8% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 77.5% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 75.7% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 79.3% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 38.0% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 101 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 23.7% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 15.3% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 24.6% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 14 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 27.5% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 3.2M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.7% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 62 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 51,210 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 51,200 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 52.1% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 1.6M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 47.9% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 77.8 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 74.4 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.9 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.5 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 7.7 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 13.5 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -6,994 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 13.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 64.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 22.2% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 54.5% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 34.3% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 20.1% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 119.2 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 60.2 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 1.3M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 49.0% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 39.2% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 60.0% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 11.0% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 13.3% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 9.4% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 28.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 16.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 30.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 52.7% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 52.4% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 18.1% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 77.9% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 6.0% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.0% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 42.4% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 43.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 22.1% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 14.3% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.2% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.2% | 2021 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 101.2% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 87.9% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 45.5% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 100.5% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 93.8% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 2,933 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 738 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 9,722 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 27,426 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 17 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 9 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 95.7 | 2022 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 6.4 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 20 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,171 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 3,677 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 39.3% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 36.6% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 39.5% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 26.6 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 42.7% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 21,879 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 7.2% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 9.5% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 96.1% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 21.7% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,530 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 113.4 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 128.1 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 83.8 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 192,144 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 305 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 108.4 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 0.9% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 1.1M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 86.1% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 118 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 28.5 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 5,554.2 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.19% | 2023 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 53 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 8 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,039 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $406.6M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 13.6% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $508.3M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 52 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 670 | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 1,593 | 2020 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2019 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 1,018 | 2019 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 15 | 2020 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 1,040 | 2020 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.00 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.4% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 19.0% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 42.4% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 74.5% | 2025 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 11.2 | 2023 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.58 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.97 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.35 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.14 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.35 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.32 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 30.7% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 15.6% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 39.6% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 31.3% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $216.0M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 11,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.8% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 1.2 | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.58 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.59 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.57 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.8 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 197,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $438.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $163.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 6.2% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $12.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 348,404 | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 21.1% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.3% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -1.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 86.4% | 2024 |
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