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South Africa

ZAFSub-Saharan Africa Upper middle incomeCapital: Pretoria
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
75/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$458
2027▲ 3.3%
Population
64.0M
2024▲ 1.3%
GDP per Capita
$6,959
2027▲ 1.8%
Life Expectancy
66.1 years
2023▲ 1.0%
South Africa in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world South Africa· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About South Africa

South Africa's GDP is $443.64B (2026), with a population of 64.0M, and GDP per capita of $6,835. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 1.2%, inflation at 3.7%, unemployment at 32.7%, government debt at 79.5% of GDP, life expectancy of 66.1 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Located in Sub-Saharan Africa, this upper middle-income nation has a GDP of 443.643 billion USD in 2026, with a growth rate of 1.2%. The GDP per capita stands at 6834.501 USD. The economy is significantly driven by trade, with trade accounting for 61.646770473025% of GDP in 2024. The inflation rate is projected to be 3.7% in 2026, while the unemployment rate is expected to be 32.391% in 2025. The country's economic landscape is diverse, encompassing sectors such as mining, agriculture, and services. The population is approximately 64,007,187 as of 2024. Life expectancy is 66.139 years as of 2023. The society is marked by a rich cultural heritage and significant linguistic diversity, with 11 official languages. The capital is Pretoria.

▶Economy30 indicators · 2020–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$4582027▲ 3.3%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)1.5%2027▲ 25.0%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$6,9592027▲ 1.8%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$1,0912027▲ 3.2%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$16,5592027▲ 1.7%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)0.47%2027▼ 1.7%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$393.26B2024▲ 4.5%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$6,1102024▼ 5.9%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$15,1502024▲ 1.0%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)24.3%2024▼ 1.0%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)63.0%2024▲ 0.4%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)2.8%2024▲ 10.9%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)19.2%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)64.6%2024▲ 0.7%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)14.1%2024▼ 8.6%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)13.6%2024▼ 7.7%WB
GDP Deflator (%)3.9%2024▼ 17.1%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$48,7522024▼ 1.7%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)12.8%2024▼ 1.4%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)24.4%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$5,5212021—WB
Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI)-2.5%2020—WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)1.9%2024▲ 134.0%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)2.44%2021—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)3.83%2021—WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.40%2021—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.03%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)7.3%2021—WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.63%2021—WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$97.52B2024▲ 4.1%WB
▶Stock Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
JSE All Share119,025.132026▲ 2.8%WB
▶Financial Markets4 indicators · 2025–2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
10-Year Government Bond Yield (%)10.23%2025▼ 8.4%WB
Central Bank Policy Rate (%)7.24%2025▼ 11.2%WB
Exchange Rate (per USD)16.42026—WB
Exchange Rate (per EUR)20.182025▲ 1.8%WB
▶Currencies1 indicator · 2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
USD/ZAR16.39832026▼ 1.1%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary24 indicators · 2022–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)3.2%2027▼ 13.5%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)81.9%2027▲ 3.0%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-5.3%2027▲ 5.4%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-1.6%2027▼ 33.3%IMF
Total Investment (% of GDP)13.4%2026▲ 2.1%IMF
Gross National Savings (% of GDP)12.2%2026▼ 0.3%IMF
Unemployment Rate (%)32.6%2027▼ 0.3%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)4.4%2024▼ 28.2%WB
Real Interest Rate (%)7.4%2024▲ 14.6%WB
Lending Interest Rate (%)11.6%2024▲ 1.1%WB
Deposit Interest Rate (%)7.9%2024▲ 19.1%WB
Government Debt (% of GDP)79.4%2023▲ 4.3%WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)29.8%2023▲ 0.5%WB
Government Expenditure (% of GDP)33.4%2022▼ 3.4%WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)25.4%2023▼ 2.4%WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)32.4%2023▼ 0.8%WB
Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue)3.4%2023▼ 9.5%WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)48.0%2023▼ 3.9%WB
Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP)0.7%2023▲ 12.3%WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$65.43B2024▲ 4.7%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)5.72024▲ 6.4%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)18.332024▼ 0.7%WB
PPP Conversion Factor7.432024▲ 1.5%WB
Broad Money (% of GDP)73.9%2024▲ 2.1%WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)61.6%2024▼ 6.1%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)31.8%2024▼ 4.4%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)29.9%2024▼ 7.9%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$127.53B2024▲ 0.5%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$119.76B2024▼ 3.2%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$110.08B2024▼ 0.7%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$123.47B2024▼ 5.6%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)0.6%2024▼ 42.6%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)-0.3%2024▲ 57.0%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$2.33B2024▼ 39.7%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$855.4M2024▲ 6.5%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)0.2%2024▲ 1.2%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)5.7%2024▲ 15.1%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-0.6%2024▲ 41.8%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$-2.58B2024▲ 38.7%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)44.8%2024▲ 1.5%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$175.90B2024▲ 6.1%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)5.7%2024▼ 5.6%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$94.14B2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$7.63B2024▼ 22.9%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)0.4%2023▲ 55.2%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$1.51B2023▲ 46.3%WB
▶Finance11 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP)119.0%2023▲ 0.4%WB
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)90.4%2023▼ 1.3%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP)245.7%2024▼ 8.6%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (USD)$985.70B2024▼ 3.9%WB
Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP)47.9%2024▼ 8.7%WB
Listed Domestic Companies2202024▼ 1.8%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)8.1%2021—WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)4.5%2021—WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)81.1%2024▼ 5.0%WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)81.0%2024▼ 6.0%WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)81.3%2024▼ 3.9%WB
▶Private Sector3 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)10.6%2020—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)7.9%2020—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)17.1%2020—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population64.0M2024▲ 1.3%WB
Population Growth (%)1.2%2024▼ 5.9%WB
Population Density (per km²)522023▲ 1.3%WB
Surface Area (sq km)1.2M2023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)1.2M2023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)63.7%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Urban Population (total)40.8M2024▲ 1.4%WB
Rural Population (%)36.3%2024▼ 0.3%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth66.1 years2023▲ 1.0%WB
Life Expectancy, Male62.6 years2023▲ 1.3%WB
Life Expectancy, Female69.6 years2023▲ 0.8%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)2.22023▼ 0.5%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)18.82023▼ 1.6%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)9.22023▼ 1.7%WB
Net Migration146,3702025▼ 12.3%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)25.9%2024▼ 0.8%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)67.4%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)6.7%2024▲ 2.7%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)48.3%2024▼ 0.1%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)9.9%2024▲ 2.7%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)38.4%2024▼ 0.8%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)327.22023▼ 5.2%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)212.62023▼ 4.9%WB
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force26.7M2025▲ 1.4%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)55.6%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)49.9%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)61.7%2025▼ 0.1%WB
Unemployment (%)32.4%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Female Unemployment (%)34.0%2025▼ 1.3%WB
Male Unemployment (%)31.0%2025▲ 1.9%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)59.9%2025▼ 0.5%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)5.4%2025▼ 0.6%WB
Employment in Industry (%)20.8%2025▼ 0.2%WB
Employment in Services (%)73.8%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Self-Employed (%)55.6%2024▲ 1.0%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)11.7%2025▼ 0.3%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)82.7%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Part-Time Employment (%)15.7%2024▼ 0.3%WB
Employers (% of total employment)5.6%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)46.6%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)37.6%2025▼ 0.1%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)17.3%2025▼ 0.1%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)34.6%2024▲ 1.9%WB
▶Education21 indicators · 2015–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)6.0%2024▼ 1.7%WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)19.1%2025▲ 3.4%WB
Adult Literacy Rate (%)91.2%2024▲ 1.3%WB
Female Literacy Rate (%)90.8%2024▲ 1.6%WB
Male Literacy Rate (%)91.5%2024▲ 0.9%WB
Youth Literacy Rate (%)97.2%2024▲ 0.5%WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)101.8%2023▼ 0.6%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)104.1%2023▼ 0.4%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)23.5%2023▼ 1.0%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)95.3%2023▼ 1.8%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)88.3%2023▲ 1.6%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary448,1462023▲ 4.1%WB
Out-of-School Girls, Primary218,9592023▲ 4.8%WB
Primary School Teachers287,3102023—WB
Secondary School Teachers181,7392023▼ 0.2%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary302015—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary282017—WB
Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap)38.7%2018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)95.42022▲ 2.8%WB
Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt)30.8%2018—WB
Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt)15.3%2018—WB
▶Health39 indicators · 2017–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)8.9%2023▲ 1.9%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$5372023▼ 5.9%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)5.5%2023▲ 2.0%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)6.7%2023▼ 0.4%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)0.82022▲ 1.7%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)6.42022—WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)34.72023▲ 0.9%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)11.72023▲ 0.9%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)1182023▼ 8.5%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)31.92023▲ 0.9%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)37.22023▲ 0.5%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)35.7%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)51.3%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)13.0%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)76.0%2024▼ 5.0%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)74.0%2024▼ 6.3%WHO
HIV Incidence (per 1,000)3.12024▼ 3.1%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)3892024▼ 8.9%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)34.9%2022▲ 0.0%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)6.5%2022▼ 3.0%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)22.32021—WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)7.12020—WHO
Maternal Deaths1,3952023▼ 9.3%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)3892024▼ 8.9%WHO
People Living with HIV7.8M2024▲ 1.3%WHO
Malaria Deaths (estimated)102024▼ 84.4%WHO
Malaria Incidence (per 1K at risk)0.12024▼ 86.3%WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)74%2024▼ 6.3%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)76%2024▼ 5.0%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)74%2024▼ 6.3%WHO
Physicians (total)82024▼ 6.1%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel422024▼ 2.4%WHO
Dentists (total)265,8772024▼ 1.1%WHO
Pharmacists (total)1,5432022—WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)3.6%2017—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)4.9%2017—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index742023▼ 1.3%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)14,5282021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$5372023▼ 5.9%WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)6.92024▲ 1.7%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)4402024▲ 3.0%WB
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)1,9392023▲ 0.0%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)3,2472023▼ 4.6%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)6.4%2021—WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)9.7%2021▼ 1.0%WB
Access to Electricity (%)87.7%2023▲ 1.4%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)89.8%2023▲ 0.7%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)23.82020—WB
Forest Area (%)14.0%2023▼ 0.2%WB
Forest Area (sq km)169,4092023▼ 0.2%WB
Arable Land (%)9.9%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)12.8%2024▲ 0.8%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)15.4%2024▼ 0.6%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)90.2%2024▼ 0.3%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)77.4%2024▲ 0.8%WHO
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)79.4%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)5,7262023▲ 7.5%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)113.22022▼ 0.9%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)124.12022▼ 0.8%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)103.22022▼ 0.9%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)3.3M2023▼ 1.9%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)478,2432023▼ 17.4%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)77.22023▼ 15.6%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)10.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)47.1%2022▲ 1.1%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)19.0M2023▲ 5.4%WB
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)75.7%2023▲ 0.3%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)1722023▲ 6.7%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)3.42023▲ 9.1%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)16,658.22024▲ 12.7%WB
R&D Spending (% of GDP)0.62%2022▲ 0.4%WB
Patent Applications, Residents1,8042021—WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents9,1562021—WB
Scientific Journal Articles16,6512022▲ 3.5%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$2.45B2024▲ 10.8%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)9.5%2024▲ 2.5%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$1.53B2024▲ 14.3%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident7282021—WB
Researchers in R&D (per million)4442022▼ 2.3%WB
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2008–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried15.5M2023▲ 27.4%WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)59.72023▼ 58.4%WB
Container Port Traffic (TEU)4.1M2022▼ 8.2%WB
Rail Lines (total km)20,9532021▲ 0.0%WB
Railways, Passengers (million km)3,5022020—WB
Railways, Goods (million ton-km)113,3422008—WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)3.702022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)3.5%2023▲ 43.0%WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)3.7%2023▼ 16.4%WB
▶Gender8 indicators · 2017–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)44.7%2024▼ 2.5%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)49.8%2024▲ 1.5%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)85.3%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Girls Out-of-School Rate (%)99.8%2017—WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)51.62023▼ 0.3%WB
Gender Parity Index, Primary103.672017—WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary1.092020—WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education0.962020—WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption-0.282023▲ 13.8%WB
Government Effectiveness-0.262023▼ 135.7%WB
Political Stability-0.672023▲ 2.3%WB
Regulatory Quality-0.222023▼ 20.8%WB
Rule of Law0.092023▲ 111.5%WB
Voice & Accountability0.742023▲ 3.0%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)45.8%2023▲ 4.3%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)40.6%2023▼ 14.0%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)54.2%2023▲ 0.9%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)20.9%2023▲ 0.5%WB
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Military Spending (% of GDP)0.7%2024▼ 7.2%WB
Military Expenditure (USD)$2.84B2024▼ 1.4%WB
Armed Forces Personnel89,0002020—WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)0.4%2020—WB
Military Spending (% of govt expenditure)2.1%2024▼ 8.8%WB
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)43.72022▲ 6.8%WB
▶Social Protection8 indicators · 2019–2021 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Social Insurance Coverage (%)3.4%2021——
Social Assistance Coverage (%)76.7%2021——
Labor Market Programs Coverage (%)3.3%2019——
Social Protection Coverage (%)78.4%2021——
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.432020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.452020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.412020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School5.6 years2020—WB
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals3.9M2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (USD)$2.72B2020—WB
Tourism Expenditures (USD)$1.59B2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (% of total exports)2.9%2020—WB
International Tourism, Transport Services (USD)$109.0M2020—WB
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)1.4%2024▼ 4.9%WB
Population in Largest City6.4M2025▲ 1.9%WB
Population in Largest City (% of urban)15.6%2025▲ 0.5%WB
Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total)36.1%2025▲ 0.6%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)24.2%2022—WB
Rural Population Growth (%)0.9%2024▼ 8.6%WB
Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%)68.0%2024▼ 0.8%WHO
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)73.8%2024▲ 0.8%WHO

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