South Africa · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
19.82023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Africa | 2010 | 17.544863735 | 15.49268708 | 20.490176062 | — |
| South Africa | 2011 | 17.152499111 | 15.122035609 | 20.021989543 | — |
| South Africa | 2012 | 17.334609016 | 15.332398853 | 20.268399841 | — |
| South Africa | 2013 | 17.505459788 | 15.568154148 | 20.455151813 | — |
| South Africa | 2014 | 17.465840141 | 15.527631273 | 20.241720219 | — |
| South Africa | 2015 | 17.683551095 | 15.630423623 | 20.696322724 | — |
| South Africa | 2016 | 17.549037267 | 15.495428441 | 20.478447849 | — |
| South Africa | 2017 | 18.03850312 | 15.852373381 | 20.937433293 | — |
| South Africa | 2018 | 18.192665439 | 15.981437441 | 21.250367114 | — |
| South Africa | 2019 | 18.441605586 | 16.214135676 | 21.346935283 | — |
| South Africa | 2020 | 18.64396464 | 16.399277989 | 21.521904461 | — |
| South Africa | 2021 | 18.944429998 | 16.665146593 | 21.913482969 | — |
| South Africa | 2022 | 19.132062254 | 16.876258306 | 22.137328934 | — |
| South Africa | 2023 | 19.809014068 | 17.413455495 | 23.155573642 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.