Mali
MLISub-Saharan Africa Low incomeCapital: BamakoEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
72/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$30
2027▲ 7.0%
Population
24.5M
2024▲ 3.0%
GDP per Capita
$1,137
2027▲ 3.9%
Life Expectancy
60.4 years
2023▲ 0.7%
Mali in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Mali· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Mali
Mali's GDP is $28.48B (2026), with a population of 24.5M, and GDP per capita of $1,094. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 5.4%, inflation at 2.0%, government debt at 48.0% of GDP, life expectancy of 60.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Economically, the region is characterized by low income levels. The capital, Bamako, serves as the economic hub. The GDP is projected to reach 28.478 billion in 2026, with a growth rate of 5.4%. The GDP per capita is expected to be 1094.493 in 2026. Inflation is anticipated to be 2.0% in 2026. Trade constitutes a significant portion of the economy, with trade/GDP ratio at 49.896% in 2024. Unemployment is projected to be 2.831% in 2025. Socially, the population is approximately 24.48 million in 2024. Life expectancy stands at 60.439 years in 2023. The society faces challenges typical of low-income economies, with efforts focused on improving healthcare and education to enhance overall living standards.
▶Economy29 indicators · 2020–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary17 indicators · 2020–2027 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.0% | 2027 | ▲ 0.0% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 47.3% | 2027 | ▼ 1.5% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.0% | 2027 | ▲ 6.3% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.5% | 2027 | ▲ 3.8% | IMF |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 17.3% | 2026 | ▼ 2.9% | IMF |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 14.7% | 2026 | ▲ 11.4% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.2% | 2024 | ▲ 55.7% | WB |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 12.7% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 12.2% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 12.0% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 39.3% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 10.7% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 35.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 5.0% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 606.35 | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 200.23 | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 29.6% | 2024 | ▼ 5.7% | WB |
▶Trade15 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 49.9% | 2024 | ▼ 13.3% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 22.6% | 2024 | ▼ 8.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 27.3% | 2024 | ▼ 16.6% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $6.05B | 2024 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $7.32B | 2024 | ▼ 10.0% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $5.49B | 2024 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $7.07B | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2024 | ▲ 21.4% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.3% | 2024 | ▲ 143.7% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $921.0M | 2024 | ▲ 31.1% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $1.07B | 2024 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 4.0% | 2024 | ▼ 5.3% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 5.4% | 2023 | ▼ 47.7% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -6.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.61B | 2023 | ▼ 9.1% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 24.9% | 2024 | ▼ 8.7% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $6.44B | 2024 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.4% | 2024 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $3.86B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $779.9M | 2024 | ▼ 8.3% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 5.4% | 2023 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.29B | 2023 | ▲ 7.6% | WB |
▶Finance5 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 22.4% | 2024 | ▼ 3.4% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 54.7% | 2024 | ▲ 25.8% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 45.6% | 2024 | ▲ 10.7% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 64.2% | 2024 | ▲ 39.8% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 7.7% | 2024 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 48 | 2024 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 8.5% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 11.3% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 7.9% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 11.6% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 4 years | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 56.8% | 2024 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 24.5M | 2024 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.9% | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 19 | 2023 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.2M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.2M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 31.6% | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 7.7M | 2024 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 68.4% | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 60.4 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 59.0 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 61.9 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 5.6 | 2023 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 40 | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 8.6 | 2023 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Net Migration | -48,019 | 2025 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 46.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 51.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 2.4% | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 94.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 4.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 89.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 279.5 | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 220.4 | 2023 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 9.2M | 2025 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 67.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 81.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 2.8% | 2025 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.0% | 2025 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.7% | 2025 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 3.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 63.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 8.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 28.4% | 2025 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 63.7% | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 75.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 23.6% | 2025 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 16.1% | 2023 | ▼ 21.4% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 0.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 39.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 65.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 76.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 31.3% | 2023 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
▶Education17 indicators · 2011–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.2% | 2023 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 17.8% | 2024 | ▼ 6.8% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 53.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 72.8% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 38.9% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 48.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 28.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 1.2M | 2023 | — | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 653,474 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 59,920 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 80,395 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 38 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 17 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 44.7% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 61.6 | 2011 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 37.0% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 17.3% | 2017 | — | WB |
▶Health41 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment13 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.3 | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 7 | 2024 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 62.3% | 2021 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 71.1% | 2022 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 54.5% | 2023 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 1.3% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 56.8 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 10.9% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 132,960 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 6.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 7.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 86.4% | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 47.8% | 2024 | ▲ 2.8% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 35.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,588 | 2023 | ▼ 5.0% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 136 | 2022 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 133.1 | 2022 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 127.3 | 2022 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 6.3M | 2023 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 111,130 | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 8.5 | 2023 | ▲ 11.5% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 12.3% | 2023 | ▲ 24.2% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 8.6% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 10.0M | 2023 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
▶Technology10 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 35.1% | 2023 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 112 | 2022 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.8 | 2022 | ▲ 19.4% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 21 | 2024 | ▲ 49.4% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.17% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 118 | 2022 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $13.9M | 2023 | ▼ 32.5% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 38.2% | 2023 | ▼ 4.4% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $181.3M | 2023 | ▼ 5.2% | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 29 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure7 indicators · 2002–2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 0 | 2014 | — | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2014 | — | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 733 | 2002 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 189 | 2002 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.60 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 37.7% | 2021 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2017–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 30.7% | 2024 | ▲ 7.3% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 48.8% | 2023 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 18.4% | 2025 | ▲ 5.2% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 76.1% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 138.6 | 2023 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 80.11 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.88 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.91 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.86 | 2023 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.14 | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Political Stability | -2.73 | 2023 | ▼ 6.6% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.68 | 2023 | ▼ 7.2% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.98 | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.01 | 2023 | ▼ 9.9% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 21.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 12.7% | 2023 | ▲ 3.8% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 18.4% | 2023 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 0.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
▶Military5 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 4.2% | 2024 | ▲ 11.2% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $929.3M | 2024 | ▲ 18.3% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 41,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.5% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 16.6% | 2024 | ▲ 12.2% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 36.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 59.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 88.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 43.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Gini Index | 35.7 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 28.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.2% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 43.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | -4.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 4.78 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 9.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection8 indicators · 2020–2021 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 4.5% | 2021 | — | — |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 31.4% | 2021 | — | — |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.7% | 2021 | — | — |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 35.3% | 2021 | — | — |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.32 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.32 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.32 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 2.6 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2018–2019 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 217,000 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $231.0M | 2018 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $255.0M | 2018 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 5.5% | 2018 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $4.0M | 2018 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development7 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 4.9% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 3.2M | 2025 | ▲ 4.3% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 39.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 12.6% | 2025 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 92.5% | 2022 | ▲ 120.6% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 20.0% | 2024 | ▲ 2.4% | WHO |
