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Spain

ESPEurope & Central AsiaHigh incomeCapital: Madrid
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
78/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$2,130
2027▲ 4.3%
Population
48.8M
2024▲ 1.0%
GDP per Capita
$41,888
2027▲ 3.2%
Life Expectancy
83.9 years
2023▲ 0.9%
Spain in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Spain· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Spain

Spain's GDP is $2.04T (2026), with a population of 48.8M, and GDP per capita of $40,582. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.0%, inflation at 2.0%, unemployment at 10.7%, government debt at 98.7% of GDP, life expectancy of 83.9 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Located in Europe and Central Asia, this high-income country boasts a robust economy with a GDP of $2.04 trillion in 2026, ranking 12th globally. The GDP per capita is projected to reach $41,000 in 2026, reflecting a strong economic performance. Real GDP growth is expected to be 2.0% in 2026, with consumer price inflation also at 2.0%. The economy is highly open to trade, with trade accounting for 70.0% of GDP in 2024. Foreign direct investment inflows are significant, at 2.5% of GDP in 2024. The unemployment rate is projected to be 10.7% in 2026, indicating ongoing labor market challenges. The population stands at 48.8 million in 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 83.9 years in 2023. The fertility rate is low, at 1.1 births per woman in 2023. The adult literacy rate is exceptionally high, at 99.7% in 2021. Health spending is substantial, at 9.2% of GDP in 2023. The Gini Index of 33.4 in 2023 suggests moderate income inequality. The GNI per

▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$2,1302027▲ 4.3%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)1.7%2027▼ 15.0%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$41,8882027▲ 3.2%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$3,0372027▲ 3.4%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$59,7292027▲ 2.4%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)1.32%2027▼ 1.4%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$1.72T2024▲ 6.6%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$33,5502024▲ 1.7%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$57,6702024▲ 4.1%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)19.5%2024▼ 2.5%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)68.9%2024▲ 0.3%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)2.8%2024▲ 5.6%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)19.5%2023▼ 2.3%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)54.3%2023▼ 2.6%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)21.2%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)24.4%2024▲ 2.1%WB
GDP Deflator (%)2.9%2024▼ 53.7%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$108,5902024▲ 0.7%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)10.8%2024▼ 1.0%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)37.8%2022▲ 3.7%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$25,1042021▲ 12.4%WB
Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI)8.0%2021—WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)4.2%2024▲ 8.5%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.10%2021—WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)0.1%2021—WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.02%2021—WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$335.71B2024▲ 3.9%WB
▶Stock Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
IBEX 3518,204.32026▲ 5.2%WB
▶Financial Markets3 indicators · 2025–2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
10-Year Government Bond Yield (%)3.22%2025▲ 2.1%WB
Central Bank Policy Rate (%)2.26%2025▼ 39.4%WB
Exchange Rate (per USD)0.852026—WB
▶Currencies1 indicator · 2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
EUR/USD1.17292026▼ 0.2%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary17 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)2.5%2027▲ 25.0%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)96.9%2027▼ 1.8%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-2.4%2027▲ 4.0%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)2.6%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Unemployment Rate (%)10.7%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)2.8%2024▼ 21.5%WB
Government Debt (% of GDP)107.3%2023▼ 1.6%WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)29.6%2023▼ 0.3%WB
Government Expenditure (% of GDP)34.0%2023▼ 3.7%WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)15.0%2023▼ 3.1%WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)24.8%2023▼ 1.9%WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)22.4%2023▼ 0.7%WB
Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP)0.7%2023▼ 24.0%WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$107.77B2024▲ 4.5%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)1.82024▼ 0.6%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)0.922024▼ 0.1%WB
PPP Conversion Factor0.562024▲ 1.0%WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)70.0%2024▼ 2.6%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)37.1%2024▼ 2.0%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)32.9%2024▼ 3.2%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$639.46B2024▲ 4.4%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$567.65B2024▲ 3.1%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$424.23B2024▲ 0.4%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$471.91B2024▲ 0.4%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)2.5%2024▼ 14.5%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)4.1%2024▲ 32.6%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$42.78B2024▼ 8.9%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$6.33B2024▲ 15.2%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)0.4%2024▲ 8.2%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)9.3%2024▼ 2.9%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)3.2%2024▲ 16.5%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$54.93B2024▲ 24.1%WB
▶Finance11 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)74.2%2024▼ 5.3%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP)43.7%2024▼ 8.1%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (USD)$753.99B2024▼ 2.0%WB
Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP)16.0%2024▼ 17.6%WB
Listed Domestic Companies2772024▼ 64.2%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)5.7%2023▲ 2.5%WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)3.1%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)98.4%2024▲ 0.1%WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)97.8%2024▲ 0.3%WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)99.0%2024▼ 0.1%WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)40.0%2024▼ 17.9%WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)582024▲ 81.6%WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)0.9%2024▲ 17.3%WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)56.6%2024▼ 8.5%WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)13.4%2024▼ 23.7%WB
Firms Offering Training (%)73.4%2024▲ 32.8%WB
Average Firm Age (years)66 years2024▼ 16.1%WB
Firms Using Computers (%)26.3%2024▼ 15.1%WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population48.8M2024▲ 1.0%WB
Population Growth (%)1.0%2024▼ 13.3%WB
Population Density (per km²)972023▲ 1.2%WB
Surface Area (sq km)505,9762023▼ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)499,6972023▼ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)80.3%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Urban Population (total)39.2M2024▲ 1.3%WB
Rural Population (%)19.7%2024▼ 0.9%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth83.9 years2023▲ 0.9%WB
Life Expectancy, Male81.2 years2023▲ 0.9%WB
Life Expectancy, Female86.7 years2023▲ 0.9%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)1.12023▼ 3.4%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)6.72023▼ 2.9%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)92023▼ 7.2%WB
Net Migration96,6302025▼ 13.5%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)12.9%2024▼ 2.5%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)65.9%2024▼ 0.2%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)21.1%2024▲ 2.4%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)51.7%2024▲ 0.7%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)32.1%2024▲ 2.6%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)19.6%2024▼ 2.3%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)65.72023▼ 6.0%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)34.22023▼ 5.7%WB
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force24.5M2025▼ 0.5%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)57.4%2025▼ 0.7%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)52.8%2025▼ 0.7%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)62.2%2025▼ 0.8%WB
Unemployment (%)10.4%2025▼ 9.0%WB
Female Unemployment (%)11.9%2025▼ 6.2%WB
Male Unemployment (%)9.0%2025▼ 12.1%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)24.7%2025▼ 7.1%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)3.4%2025▼ 2.8%WB
Employment in Industry (%)19.9%2025▼ 1.2%WB
Employment in Services (%)76.8%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Self-Employed (%)58.0%2024▼ 0.1%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)10.1%2025▼ 1.8%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)85.5%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Part-Time Employment (%)35.5%2024▼ 2.5%WB
Employers (% of total employment)4.5%2025▲ 0.7%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)47.2%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)51.5%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)14.5%2025▼ 1.1%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)10.1%2024▲ 8.9%WB
▶Education21 indicators · 2016–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)4.6%2022▼ 4.7%WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)9.9%2022▲ 1.5%WB
Adult Literacy Rate (%)99.7%2021—WB
Female Literacy Rate (%)99.6%2021▲ 1.4%WB
Male Literacy Rate (%)99.8%2021▲ 0.8%WB
Youth Literacy Rate (%)99.7%2021—WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)103.0%2023▲ 0.5%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)118.4%2023▼ 0.5%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)93.7%2023▼ 0.8%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)99.6%2023▲ 1.1%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)91.4%2023▲ 0.5%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary35,8062023▼ 28.8%WB
Out-of-School Girls, Primary17,9032023▼ 22.3%WB
Primary School Teachers243,3662023▼ 0.4%WB
Secondary School Teachers337,7892023▲ 2.0%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary132017—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary122017—WB
Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap)26.9%2016—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)99.92021—WB
Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt)37.3%2016—WB
Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt)21.8%2016—WB
▶Health36 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)9.2%2023▼ 4.7%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$3,1072023▲ 5.4%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)6.7%2023▼ 4.4%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)20.9%2023▼ 0.8%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)4.32022▼ 3.7%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)6.42022▼ 1.5%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)2.92023▼ 1.0%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)3.12023▲ 0.0%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)1.72023▲ 0.0%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)32023▼ 25.0%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)2.82023▲ 0.0%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)3.42023▲ 0.0%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)5.6%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)90.8%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)3.6%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)97.0%2024▲ 1.0%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)94.0%2024▲ 1.1%WHO
HIV Incidence (per 1,000)0.12024▲ 0.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)82024▼ 18.6%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)29.4%2022▼ 1.7%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)27.5%2022▲ 0.0%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)8.72021▲ 1.2%WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)9.22020—WHO
Maternal Deaths92023▼ 30.5%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)7.92024▼ 18.6%WHO
People Living with HIV160,0002024▲ 0.0%WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)94%2024▲ 1.1%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)97%2024▲ 1.0%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)94%2024▲ 1.1%WHO
Physicians (total)442023▲ 2.4%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel622023▼ 1.9%WHO
Dentists (total)284,2322023▼ 2.2%WHO
Pharmacists (total)13,8332023▲ 10.4%WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index842023▲ 0.0%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)1,6532021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$3,1072023▲ 5.4%WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)4.52024▼ 1.4%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)2202024▼ 0.4%WB
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)2,2942023▼ 4.8%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)5,1182023▼ 1.2%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)47.0%2021▲ 5.6%WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)19.0%2021—WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)9.62020—WB
Forest Area (%)37.2%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Forest Area (sq km)185,8502023▲ 0.0%WB
Arable Land (%)23.0%2023▼ 1.7%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)17.9%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)12.8%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)99.9%2024▼ 0.0%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)99.9%2024▼ 0.0%WHO
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)49.6%2023▼ 7.1%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)2,1912023▼ 33.8%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)98.82022▼ 15.4%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)872022▼ 24.2%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)118.72022▼ 1.0%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)5.4M2023▼ 6.7%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)766,6862023▼ 5.2%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)115.12023▲ 4.1%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)2.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Agricultural Irrigated Land (%)15.1%2023▲ 6.0%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)26.1%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)11.9M2023▼ 38.2%WB
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)95.8%2024▲ 0.3%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)1282023▲ 3.5%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)37.22023▲ 4.0%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)29,986.42024▲ 4.4%WB
R&D Spending (% of GDP)1.44%2022▲ 1.7%WB
Patent Applications, Residents1,3082021—WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents1262021—WB
Scientific Journal Articles67,1002022▼ 4.5%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$23.80B2024▼ 7.8%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)10.4%2024▼ 8.3%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$22.80B2024▲ 3.5%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident12,0102021▼ 0.5%WB
Researchers in R&D (per million)3,3872022▲ 4.9%WB
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried94.1M2023▲ 16.3%WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)1,130.92023▲ 18.3%WB
Container Port Traffic (TEU)17.2M2022▼ 3.1%WB
Rail Lines (total km)15,9632021—WB
Railways, Passengers (million km)17,0022021—WB
Railways, Goods (million ton-km)10,2992021—WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)3.902022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)3.2%2023▼ 10.3%WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)19.9%2023▼ 0.7%WB
▶Gender8 indicators · 2017–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)44.3%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)53.3%2024▼ 0.2%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)88.9%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Girls Out-of-School Rate (%)93.9%2017—WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)4.82023▲ 0.7%WB
Gender Parity Index, Primary93.472017—WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary1.032020—WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education1.012020—WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption0.632023▼ 8.2%WB
Government Effectiveness0.752023▼ 18.3%WB
Political Stability0.292023▼ 9.9%WB
Regulatory Quality0.692023▼ 13.0%WB
Rule of Law0.822023▲ 3.0%WB
Voice & Accountability1.192023▲ 17.5%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)71.7%2023▼ 4.4%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)76.9%2023▼ 1.2%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)78.3%2023▲ 0.6%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)55.0%2023▼ 0.4%WB
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Military Spending (% of GDP)1.4%2024▼ 2.7%WB
Military Expenditure (USD)$24.62B2024▲ 3.3%WB
Armed Forces Personnel199,0002020—WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)0.9%2020—WB
Military Spending (% of govt expenditure)3.2%2024▼ 1.6%WB
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)0.72023▲ 1.7%WB
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Poverty at $2.15/day (%)0.8%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Poverty at $3.65/day (%)1.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Poverty at $6.85/day (%)2.3%2023▼ 4.2%WB
Poverty Headcount, National (%)20.2%2022▼ 1.0%WB
Gini Index33.42023▼ 0.6%WB
Income Share, Top 10%24.5%2023▼ 1.2%WB
Income Share, Bottom 10%2.2%2023▼ 4.3%WB
Income Share, Top 20%40.2%2023▼ 0.5%WB
Income Share, Bottom 20%6.5%2023▼ 1.5%WB
Shared Prosperity Premium (%)1.8%2023—WB
Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day)54.852023—WB
Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%)0.6%2023▲ 20.0%WB
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.732020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.742020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.722020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School10.5 years2020—WB
▶Tourism2 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals36.4M2020—WB
International Tourism, Departures6.2M2020—WB
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)1.3%2024▼ 10.1%WB
Population in Largest City6.8M2025▲ 0.4%WB
Population in Largest City (% of urban)17.3%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total)25.7%2025▲ 0.5%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)0.0%2022—WB
Rural Population Growth (%)0.1%2024▼ 75.0%WB
Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%)99.5%2024▼ 0.0%WHO
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)88.3%2024▼ 0.0%WHO

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