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World›South Asia›Bhutan

Bhutan

BTNSouth AsiaLower middle incomeCapital: Thimphu
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
72/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$4
2027▲ 9.0%
Population
791,524
2024▲ 0.7%
GDP per Capita
$5,099
2027▲ 8.3%
Life Expectancy
73.0 years
2023▲ 0.3%
Bhutan in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Bhutan· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Bhutan

Bhutan's GDP is $3.77B (2026), with a population of 791,524, and GDP per capita of $4,710. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 7.4%, inflation at 3.4%, government debt at 121.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 73.0 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Situated in South Asia, this lower middle-income country has a GDP of $3.77 billion in 2026, ranking it 165th globally. The economy is characterized by robust growth, with a real GDP growth rate of 7.4% in 2026. GDP per capita stands at $5,000, reflecting modest economic progress. The country exhibits high trade openness, with trade accounting for 81.7% of GDP in 2023, indicating a significant reliance on external economic activity. Foreign direct investment inflows are relatively low, at 0.3% of GDP in 2023. Inflation is moderate, with consumer prices rising by 3.4% in 2026, and unemployment is low at 3.2% in 2025. The population is approximately 791,524 as of 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 73.0 years in 2023. The adult literacy rate is 64.9% as of 2022, indicating ongoing efforts in education. Health spending constitutes 4.4% of GDP in 2023, reflecting investments in public health. The fertility rate is 1.5 births per woman in 2023, suggesting a transitioning demographic profile. The Gini Index of 28

▶Economy29 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$42027▲ 9.0%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)5.5%2027▼ 25.7%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$5,0992027▲ 8.3%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$172027▲ 7.3%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$20,5292027▲ 6.6%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)0.01%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$2.85B2023▲ 3.6%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$3,7302023▲ 3.6%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$15,3202023▲ 7.3%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)29.4%2023▼ 7.6%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)52.8%2023▲ 3.1%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)15.0%2023▲ 2.2%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)20.3%2023▼ 3.2%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)59.4%2023▲ 2.7%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)45.3%2023▼ 18.8%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)17.6%2023▼ 16.3%WB
GDP Deflator (%)4.4%2023▼ 24.0%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$29,5462023▼ 2.8%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)7.9%2023▼ 10.0%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$2,9452021▲ 8.1%WB
Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI)13.4%2021▼ 26.8%WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)-25.0%2023▲ 27.8%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.08%2021▲ 43.2%WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)2.7%2021▼ 2.1%WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)2.66%2021▼ 3.0%WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$885.9M2023▼ 3.9%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary22 indicators · 2020–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)3.8%2027▲ 11.8%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)124.4%2027▲ 2.7%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-3.8%2027▲ 13.6%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-20.9%2027▼ 16.1%IMF
Unemployment Rate (%)3.5%2023▼ 40.7%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)2.8%2024▼ 34.7%WB
Real Interest Rate (%)5.6%2024▼ 25.5%WB
Lending Interest Rate (%)10.5%2024▼ 14.1%WB
Deposit Interest Rate (%)4.5%2024▲ 20.0%WB
Government Debt (% of GDP)111.0%2020—WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)20.0%2020—WB
Government Expenditure (% of GDP)24.1%2020—WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)12.3%2020—WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)17.9%2020—WB
Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue)2.9%2020—WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)19.9%2020—WB
Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP)8.6%2020—WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$941.0M2024▲ 43.8%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)6.62024▲ 62.8%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)83.672024▲ 1.3%WB
PPP Conversion Factor19.522023▲ 0.8%WB
Broad Money (% of GDP)84.1%2023▼ 3.0%WB
▶Trade14 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)81.7%2023▼ 4.5%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)28.4%2023▲ 11.3%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)53.3%2023▼ 11.2%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$855.3M2023▲ 15.7%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$1.61B2023▼ 7.7%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$747.0M2024▲ 16.5%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$1.45B2024▲ 10.3%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)0.3%2023▲ 16.7%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$2.8M2024▼ 72.4%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$109.6M2024▲ 1.5%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)3.6%2023▲ 8.2%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)0.0%2023▼ 12.2%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-20.0%2024▲ 37.4%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$-669.8M2024▲ 30.5%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)114.5%2023▼ 0.4%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$3.40B2024▲ 4.1%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)5.0%2023▲ 3.1%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$2.88B2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$33.3M2024▼ 2.8%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)5.5%2023▼ 22.4%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$156.8M2023▼ 19.7%WB
▶Finance8 indicators · 2014–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP)76.6%2024▼ 21.9%WB
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)51.9%2024▼ 27.4%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)7.8%2022▼ 5.0%WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)3.0%2022▼ 55.7%WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)33.7%2014—WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)27.7%2014—WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)39.0%2014—WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)26.9%2024—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)102024—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)1.8%2024—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)31.3%2024—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)21.4%2024—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)14.9%2024—WB
Average Firm Age (years)5 years2024—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)13.8%2024—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population791,5242024▲ 0.7%WB
Population Growth (%)0.7%2024▼ 6.7%WB
Population Density (per km²)212023▲ 0.7%WB
Surface Area (sq km)38,3902023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)38,1402023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)42.6%2024▲ 2.0%WB
Urban Population (total)336,9082024▲ 2.7%WB
Rural Population (%)57.4%2024▼ 1.4%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth73.0 years2023▲ 0.3%WB
Life Expectancy, Male71.3 years2023▲ 0.3%WB
Life Expectancy, Female75.0 years2023▲ 0.3%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)1.52023▼ 1.1%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)12.72023▼ 1.1%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)6.12023▼ 0.5%WB
Net Migration4552025▲ 264.3%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)20.9%2024▼ 2.6%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)72.6%2024▲ 0.6%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)6.5%2024▲ 2.0%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)37.7%2024▼ 2.1%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)8.9%2024▲ 1.4%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)28.8%2024▼ 3.1%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)139.42023▼ 1.8%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)98.92023▼ 2.4%WB
▶Labor20 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force411,2632025▲ 1.2%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)64.8%2025▼ 0.1%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)56.7%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)71.8%2025▼ 0.3%WB
Unemployment (%)3.2%2025▼ 1.7%WB
Female Unemployment (%)4.1%2025▼ 0.8%WB
Male Unemployment (%)2.6%2025▼ 2.7%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)17.1%2025▼ 4.9%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)42.4%2025▼ 1.9%WB
Employment in Industry (%)15.9%2025▲ 2.3%WB
Employment in Services (%)41.8%2025▲ 1.2%WB
Self-Employed (%)64.0%2024▼ 1.6%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)69.0%2025▼ 0.5%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)30.5%2025▲ 1.3%WB
Part-Time Employment (%)5.7%2022▼ 22.6%WB
Employers (% of total employment)0.5%2025▼ 2.7%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)40.4%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)62.7%2025▼ 0.1%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)69.5%2025▼ 0.6%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)20.2%2024▲ 2.6%WB
▶Education21 indicators · 2014–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)5.8%2023▼ 21.7%WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)22.2%2025▲ 29.3%WB
Adult Literacy Rate (%)64.9%2022—WB
Female Literacy Rate (%)57.0%2022—WB
Male Literacy Rate (%)73.4%2022—WB
Youth Literacy Rate (%)97.7%2022—WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)114.9%2024▲ 7.7%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)86.2%2024▼ 0.8%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)13.0%2024▼ 13.3%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)86.5%2024▼ 4.8%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)56.6%2024▼ 14.7%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary8,3852024▼ 14.5%WB
Out-of-School Girls, Primary2,5332024▼ 14.1%WB
Primary School Teachers3,3722024▲ 5.1%WB
Secondary School Teachers6,9952023▼ 0.9%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary352018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary112018—WB
Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap)32.0%2014—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)88.72016—WB
Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt)41.5%2015—WB
Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt)10.3%2014—WB
▶Health41 indicators · 2004–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)4.4%2023▲ 12.7%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$1622023▲ 17.5%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)2.9%2023▲ 37.6%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)25.5%2023▼ 9.1%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)0.62022▼ 1.4%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)2.12022▼ 7.4%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)2.22023▼ 1.4%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)23.12023▼ 3.3%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)12.72023▼ 3.8%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)472023▼ 4.1%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)20.92023▼ 3.7%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)25.12023▼ 3.1%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)18.2%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)72.7%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)9.0%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)97.0%2024▼ 2.0%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)98.0%2024▼ 1.0%WHO
HIV Incidence (per 1,000)0.112024▲ 10.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)1912024▲ 6.7%WHO
Stunting, Children Under 5 (%)17.9%2023—WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)26.2%2022▼ 1.1%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)11.1%2022▼ 4.3%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)4.92021▼ 3.5%WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)0.22020—WHO
Maternal Deaths52023▼ 4.4%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)1912024▲ 6.7%WHO
People Living with HIV1,1002024▲ 10.0%WHO
Malaria Deaths (estimated)02024—WHO
Malaria Incidence (per 1K at risk)02024—WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)98%2024▼ 1.0%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)97%2024▼ 2.0%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)98%2024▼ 1.0%WHO
Physicians (total)62022▼ 1.4%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel212022▼ 7.4%WHO
Dentists (total)1,6022022▼ 6.8%WHO
Pharmacists (total)1852004—WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)5.1%2023—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)8.7%2023—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index692023▲ 0.0%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)952021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$1622023▲ 17.5%WHO
▶Energy & Environment13 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)22024▲ 1.3%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)22024▲ 2.0%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)100.0%2021▲ 0.0%WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)82.5%2022▲ 0.9%WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)91.6%2023▲ 1.1%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)23.92020—WB
Forest Area (%)71.6%2023▲ 0.1%WB
Forest Area (sq km)27,3102023▲ 0.1%WB
Arable Land (%)2.6%2023▲ 1.5%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)51.6%2024▲ 3.8%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)99.5%2024▲ 0.1%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)86.8%2024▲ 1.8%WHO
▶Agriculture10 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)13.8%2023▲ 0.7%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)3,4642023▲ 0.5%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)77.82022▼ 22.5%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)68.12022▼ 25.5%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)132.32022▼ 11.7%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)20,2112023▼ 2.4%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)92023▲ 0.0%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)9.82023▼ 7.0%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)0.4%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)70,0082023▼ 1.9%WB
▶Technology11 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)88.4%2023▲ 2.5%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)962023▲ 0.5%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)1.32023▲ 108.7%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)1,339.22024▲ 9.1%WB
Patent Applications, Residents12019—WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents72021▲ 16.7%WB
Scientific Journal Articles1152022▲ 9.8%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$27,7542023▼ 21.7%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)0.4%2024▼ 36.6%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$1.3M2024▲ 43.7%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident32021▼ 66.7%WB
▶Infrastructure5 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried189,8782023▲ 45.5%WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)0.52023▼ 93.2%WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)2.502022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)0.0%2021—WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)0.0%2021—WB
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)4.3%2024▼ 75.5%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)53.2%2024▼ 6.4%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)17.7%2025▲ 1.9%WB
Girls Out-of-School Rate (%)104.6%2018—WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)9.42023▼ 0.3%WB
Gender Parity Index, Primary105.152018—WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary1.132018—WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education1.042021▲ 2.1%WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption1.532023▲ 1.1%WB
Government Effectiveness0.572023▲ 0.9%WB
Political Stability0.982023▼ 2.6%WB
Regulatory Quality-0.42023▼ 5.0%WB
Rule of Law0.672023▼ 0.9%WB
Voice & Accountability0.22023▲ 27.0%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)91.0%2023▲ 1.0%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)69.3%2023▼ 0.7%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)72.6%2023▲ 1.3%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)83.4%2023▼ 0.1%WB
▶Military1 indicator · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)2.52020—WB
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2022 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Poverty at $2.15/day (%)0.0%2022—WB
Poverty at $3.65/day (%)0.5%2022—WB
Poverty at $6.85/day (%)10.1%2022—WB
Poverty Headcount, National (%)12.4%2022—WB
Gini Index28.52022—WB
Income Share, Top 10%22.7%2022—WB
Income Share, Bottom 10%3.6%2022—WB
Income Share, Top 20%37.3%2022—WB
Income Share, Bottom 20%8.8%2022—WB
Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%)0.0%2022—WB
▶Social Protection7 indicators · 2020–2022 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Social Insurance Coverage (%)1.8%2022——
Social Assistance Coverage (%)7.2%2022——
Social Protection Coverage (%)9.0%2022——
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.482020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.472020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.472020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School6.3 years2020—WB
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2018–2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals29,8002020—WB
International Tourism, Departures72,0002019—WB
Tourism Receipts (USD)$84.0M2020—WB
Tourism Expenditures (USD)$50.0M2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (% of total exports)10.7%2020—WB
International Tourism, Transport Services (USD)$18.0M2018—WB
▶Urban Development5 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)2.6%2024▼ 0.5%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)44.7%2022▼ 11.4%WB
Rural Population Growth (%)-0.8%2024▼ 17.9%WB
Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%)65.6%2024▼ 1.6%WHO
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)49.5%2024▲ 0.9%WHO

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