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World›Europe & Central Asia›Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina

BIHEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeCapital: Sarajevo
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
71/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$38
2027▲ 5.1%
Population
3.2M
2024▼ 0.7%
GDP per Capita
$11,115
2027▲ 5.4%
Life Expectancy
77.8 years
2023▲ 1.4%
Bosnia and Herzegovina in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Bosnia and Herzegovina· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina's GDP is $36.24B (2026), with a population of 3.2M, and GDP per capita of $10,546. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.7%, inflation at 2.6%, unemployment at 12.6%, government debt at 31.6% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.8 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Located in Europe and Central Asia, this upper middle-income country has a GDP of $36.24 billion in 2026, ranking it 110th globally. The economy exhibits a moderate growth rate of 2.7% in 2026, with a GDP per capita of $11,000. The country's economic landscape is characterized by significant trade openness, with trade accounting for 95.2% of GDP in 2024. Foreign direct investment inflows stand at 3.4% of GDP, indicating a moderate level of international investment. The unemployment rate is projected to be 12.6% in 2026, reflecting ongoing challenges in the labor market. The country's GNI per capita is $9,000 in 2024. With a population of 3.2 million in 2024, the country faces demographic challenges, including a low fertility rate of 1.5 births per woman in 2023 and an aging population, as indicated by a life expectancy of 77.8 years. Health spending constitutes 8.9% of GDP, highlighting investments in public health. The unemployment rate was 11.0% in 2025, showing slight improvement. These indicators suggest a focus on addressing economic and social development needs.

▶Economy29 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$382027▲ 5.1%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)3.0%2027▲ 11.1%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$11,1152027▲ 5.4%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$862027▲ 4.7%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$25,1342027▲ 5.0%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)0.04%2027▼ 2.6%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$29.55B2024▲ 7.6%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$8,7902024▲ 6.2%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$24,9902024▲ 7.4%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)22.4%2024▼ 5.5%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)56.6%2024▲ 1.2%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)4.5%2024▼ 2.6%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)19.7%2024▲ 2.8%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)69.2%2024▼ 0.8%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)27.5%2024▲ 1.6%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)21.1%2024▲ 1.4%WB
GDP Deflator (%)4.1%2024▼ 43.3%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$53,6762024▲ 3.9%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)12.7%2024▼ 4.3%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)16.9%2022▲ 0.1%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$6,0192021▲ 18.0%WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)-13.4%2024▼ 13.9%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.30%2021—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.04%2021—WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)0.8%2021—WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.47%2021▼ 17.1%WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$6.64B2024▲ 1.5%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary22 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)2.0%2027▼ 23.1%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)32.5%2027▲ 2.8%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-2.7%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-3.9%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Unemployment Rate (%)12.6%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)1.7%2024▼ 72.3%WB
Real Interest Rate (%)0.3%2024▲ 110.3%WB
Lending Interest Rate (%)4.5%2024▲ 8.2%WB
Deposit Interest Rate (%)1.6%2024▲ 37.0%WB
Government Debt (% of GDP)39.9%2024▼ 1.0%WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)37.8%2024▲ 3.3%WB
Government Expenditure (% of GDP)35.3%2023▲ 5.6%WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)20.3%2024▲ 6.5%WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)42.7%2024▲ 3.0%WB
Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue)0.0%2024▼ 94.0%WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)9.9%2024▲ 1.4%WB
Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP)2.7%2024▲ 4.5%WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$9.42B2024▲ 2.3%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)6.52024▼ 2.6%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)1.812024▼ 0.1%WB
PPP Conversion Factor0.682024▲ 0.7%WB
Broad Money (% of GDP)71.7%2023▼ 1.6%WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)95.2%2024▼ 4.5%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)40.9%2024▼ 7.0%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)54.3%2024▼ 2.5%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$12.10B2024▼ 0.1%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$16.08B2024▲ 4.6%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$8.89B2024▼ 3.7%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$15.85B2024▲ 3.2%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)3.4%2024▼ 17.1%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)0.4%2024▼ 5.4%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$1.00B2024▼ 11.1%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$3.12B2024▲ 10.7%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)10.6%2024▲ 3.1%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)6.2%2024▲ 24.1%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-3.5%2024▼ 62.5%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$-1.03B2024▼ 74.4%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)49.2%2024▼ 2.8%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$13.89B2024▲ 0.1%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)4.9%2024▼ 24.2%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$4.41B2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$703.6M2024▼ 24.4%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)1.1%2023▼ 4.8%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$307.7M2023▲ 7.9%WB
▶Finance8 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP)53.9%2024▲ 4.1%WB
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)48.3%2024▲ 1.9%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)10.1%2023▲ 2.1%WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)3.8%2023▼ 15.9%WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)77.5%2024▼ 2.4%WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)75.7%2024▲ 7.6%WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)79.3%2024▼ 10.7%WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)38.0%2023—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)1012023—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)0.1%2023—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)23.7%2023—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)15.3%2023—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)24.6%2023—WB
Average Firm Age (years)14 years2023—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)27.5%2023—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population3.2M2024▼ 0.7%WB
Population Growth (%)-0.7%2024▼ 6.2%WB
Population Density (per km²)622023▼ 0.6%WB
Surface Area (sq km)51,2102023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)51,2002023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)52.1%2024▲ 1.1%WB
Urban Population (total)1.6M2024▲ 0.4%WB
Rural Population (%)47.9%2024▼ 1.1%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth77.8 years2023▲ 1.4%WB
Life Expectancy, Male74.4 years2023▲ 2.3%WB
Life Expectancy, Female80.9 years2023▲ 0.2%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)1.52023▲ 0.3%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)7.72023▼ 0.4%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)13.52023▼ 4.2%WB
Net Migration-6,9942025▼ 55.5%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)13.0%2024▼ 1.4%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)64.7%2024▼ 0.6%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)22.2%2024▲ 2.7%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)54.5%2024▲ 1.8%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)34.3%2024▲ 3.4%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)20.1%2024▼ 0.8%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)119.22023▼ 11.4%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)60.22023▼ 10.7%WB
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force1.3M2025▼ 1.1%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)49.0%2025▼ 0.5%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)39.2%2025▼ 0.4%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)60.0%2025▼ 0.6%WB
Unemployment (%)11.0%2025▲ 3.2%WB
Female Unemployment (%)13.3%2025▲ 3.5%WB
Male Unemployment (%)9.4%2025▲ 3.0%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)28.2%2025▲ 3.2%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)16.7%2025▼ 2.4%WB
Employment in Industry (%)30.6%2025▼ 0.1%WB
Employment in Services (%)52.7%2025▲ 0.9%WB
Self-Employed (%)52.4%2024▲ 1.1%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)18.1%2025▼ 1.8%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)77.9%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Part-Time Employment (%)6.0%2024▲ 0.7%WB
Employers (% of total employment)4.0%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)42.4%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)43.6%2025▼ 0.9%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)22.1%2025▼ 1.4%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)14.3%2024▼ 10.5%WB
▶Education14 indicators · 2018–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)3.2%2023▲ 9.3%WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)10.2%2021—WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)101.2%2023▼ 0.4%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)87.9%2023▲ 1.0%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)45.5%2023▼ 0.2%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)100.5%2023▼ 0.4%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)93.8%2023▲ 3.7%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary2,9332023▲ 38.4%WB
Out-of-School Girls, Primary7382023▲ 78.7%WB
Primary School Teachers9,7222023▲ 3.9%WB
Secondary School Teachers27,4262023▼ 2.4%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary172018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary92018—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)95.72022▼ 0.0%WB
▶Health36 indicators · 2012–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)8.9%2023▲ 2.4%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$7732023▲ 15.8%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)6.0%2023▲ 4.7%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)31.0%2023▲ 0.3%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)2.62019—WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)6.72022▲ 1.2%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)2.42019—WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)62023▼ 3.2%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)4.52023▼ 2.2%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)62023▼ 50.0%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)5.52023▼ 3.5%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)6.52023▼ 4.4%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)1.8%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)94.4%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)3.8%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)69.0%2024▲ 25.5%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)79.0%2024▲ 8.2%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)212024▲ 5.0%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)41.6%2022▼ 1.0%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)30.9%2022▲ 0.3%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)92021▼ 8.2%WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)5.92020—WHO
Maternal Deaths22023▼ 48.2%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)212024▲ 5.0%WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)79%2024▲ 8.2%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)69%2024▲ 25.5%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)82%2024▲ 6.5%WHO
Physicians (total)262019—WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel672022▲ 1.2%WHO
Dentists (total)21,5602022▲ 0.0%WHO
Pharmacists (total)1,0622019—WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)2.3%2012—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)1.6%2012—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index642023▲ 0.0%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)4472021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$7732023▲ 15.8%WHO
▶Energy & Environment15 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)6.42024▼ 1.4%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)202024▼ 2.0%WB
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)2,1712023▼ 4.4%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)3,6772023▼ 2.6%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)39.3%2021▲ 33.2%WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)36.6%2021▼ 2.9%WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)39.5%2023▲ 0.5%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)26.62020—WB
Forest Area (%)42.7%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Forest Area (sq km)21,8792023▲ 0.0%WB
Arable Land (%)7.2%2023▼ 1.9%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)9.5%2024▲ 131.7%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)0.0%2024—WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)96.1%2024▼ 0.0%WHO
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)21.7%2023▼ 0.4%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)5,5302023▼ 20.0%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)113.42022▲ 18.5%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)128.12022▲ 18.7%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)83.82022▲ 17.0%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)192,1442023▼ 7.2%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)3052023▲ 0.0%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)108.42023▼ 31.6%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)2.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)0.9%2022▲ 2.0%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)1.1M2023▼ 25.8%WB
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)86.1%2024▲ 3.3%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)1182023▼ 1.0%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)28.52023▲ 4.3%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)5,554.22024▲ 3.9%WB
R&D Spending (% of GDP)0.19%2023▲ 2.6%WB
Patent Applications, Residents532021▲ 6.0%WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents82021—WB
Scientific Journal Articles1,0392022▼ 7.4%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$406.6M2024▲ 21.4%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)13.6%2024▲ 4.0%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$508.3M2024▲ 9.6%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident522021▼ 65.1%WB
Researchers in R&D (per million)6702023▲ 24.0%WB
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2019–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried1,5932020—WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)02019—WB
Rail Lines (total km)1,0182019—WB
Railways, Passengers (million km)152020—WB
Railways, Goods (million ton-km)1,0402020—WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)3.002022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)0.4%2023▲ 47.0%WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)0.0%2021—WB
▶Gender4 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)19.0%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)42.4%2024▲ 0.6%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)74.5%2025▲ 0.6%WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)11.22023▲ 1.2%WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption-0.582023▲ 15.0%WB
Government Effectiveness-0.972023▲ 9.1%WB
Political Stability-0.352023▲ 26.9%WB
Regulatory Quality-0.142023▲ 10.4%WB
Rule of Law-0.352023▼ 14.6%WB
Voice & Accountability-0.322023▲ 1.6%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)30.7%2023▲ 16.1%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)15.6%2023▲ 22.2%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)39.6%2023▼ 4.5%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)31.3%2023▲ 12.4%WB
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Military Spending (% of GDP)0.7%2024▲ 4.1%WB
Military Expenditure (USD)$216.0M2024▲ 9.4%WB
Armed Forces Personnel11,0002020—WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)0.8%2020—WB
Military Spending (% of govt expenditure)1.7%2024▲ 0.6%WB
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)1.22023▲ 12.1%WB
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.582020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.592020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.572020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School7.8 years2020—WB
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals197,0002020—WB
Tourism Receipts (USD)$438.0M2020—WB
Tourism Expenditures (USD)$163.0M2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (% of total exports)6.2%2020—WB
International Tourism, Transport Services (USD)$12.0M2020—WB
▶Urban Development6 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)0.4%2024▼ 5.7%WB
Population in Largest City348,4042025▲ 0.4%WB
Population in Largest City (% of urban)21.1%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)0.3%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Rural Population Growth (%)-1.8%2024▼ 4.4%WB
Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%)86.4%2024▼ 0.0%WHO

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