Turkiye
Capital: AnkaraRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: Upper middle income
Turkiye's GDP is $1.58T (2026), with a population of 85.5M, and GDP per capita of $18,232. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.7%, inflation at 24.7%, unemployment at 8.3%, government debt at 25.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.2 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Turkiye's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 41.33% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 44.6 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| USD/TRY | 44.5793 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 24.7% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 25.1% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.8% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.3% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 8.3% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 58.5% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 71.0% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 26.6% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 31.5% | 2024 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 33.0% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 17.6% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 35.0% | 2024 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 17.7% | 2024 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 2.6% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $154.77B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 4.7 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 32.81 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 11.42 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 52.3% | 2023 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 54.6% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 27.6% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 27.0% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $374.69B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $367.38B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $261.80B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $344.01B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $11.70B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $982.0M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 5.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.7% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-10.19B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 39.4% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $514.99B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 6.7% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $149.00B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $7.22B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.55B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 58.0% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 43.0% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 27.9% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $378.96B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 70.6% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 551 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.2% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.5% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 81.6% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 71.7% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 91.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 26.7% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 14 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 2.5% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 15.8% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 9.4% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 14.6% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 22 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 34.0% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 85.5M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 111 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 785,350 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 769,630 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 89.3% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 76.4M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 10.7% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 77.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 74.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 79.9 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.5 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 11.2 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.2 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -258,205 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 21.4% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 68.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 10.3% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 46.5% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 15.1% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 31.4% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 111.4 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 65 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 36.8M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 54.4% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 37.1% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 71.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 8.5% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 11.6% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 6.9% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 16.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 14.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 27.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 58.5% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 54.2% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 23.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 71.5% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 21.6% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.6% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 34.4% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 49.7% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 28.5% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 22.9% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.1% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 11.3% | 2022 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 97.3% | 2021 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 95.3% | 2021 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 99.3% | 2021 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 92.2% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 102.5% | 2022 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 116.0% | 2022 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 127.6% | 2022 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 101.5% | 2022 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 92.4% | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 13,955 | 2022 |
| Primary School Teachers | 310,477 | 2022 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 766,054 | 2022 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 17 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 17 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.6 | 2021 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 31.9% | 2006 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 5.4 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 460 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,850 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 3,581 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 35.4% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 12.0% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 95.3% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 21.6 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 29.5% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 226,884 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 26.3% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 5.7% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 96.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.3% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 50.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,659 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 128.9 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 125.3 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 137.3 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 11.5M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 454,059 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 139.6 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 12.5% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 28.4% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 42.2M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 87.3% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 106 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 22.5 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 11,103.4 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.32% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 8,234 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 242 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 52,658 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $9.90B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $4.86B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 59,353 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 2,479 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 125.9M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 8,367.3 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 12.4M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 10,546 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 10,683 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 15,900 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.40 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.4% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 19.9% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 36.8% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 72.7% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 94.6% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 12.1 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 95.19 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.97 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.5 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.25 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -1.01 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.23 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.51 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.86 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 34.9% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 41.5% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 32.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 13.7% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $24.98B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 512,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.6% | 2020 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 3.2 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.5% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 1.2% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 10.8% | 2022 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 13.6% | 2023 |
| Gini Index | 44.5 | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 35.2% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.1% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 50.5% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 5.4% | 2022 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 4.1% | 2022 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 28.94 | 2022 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 37.2% | 2019 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 14.5% | 2019 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.8% | 2019 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 49.3% | 2019 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.65 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.66 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.64 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 9.2 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 16.0M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 2.2M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $13.77B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $1.64B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 6.6% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $3.55B | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 16.2M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 21.2% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 39.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 14.1% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -2.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 78.9% | 2024 |
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