Portugal
Capital: LisbonRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Portugal's GDP is $364.53B (2026), with a population of 10.7M, and GDP per capita of $33,972. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.1%, inflation at 2.1%, unemployment at 6.3%, government debt at 86.9% of GDP, life expectancy of 82.3 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Portugal's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| PSI 20 | 9,369.63 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 3.08% | 2025 |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 2.26% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.87 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| EUR/USD | 1.1522 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.1% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 86.9% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | 0.0% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 6.3% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.4% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 37.4% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 37.2% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 22.6% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 30.9% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 25.4% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.4% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $42.43B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 3.1 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.92 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.52 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 89.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 45.8% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 43.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $143.39B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $137.60B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $85.74B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $116.30B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 4.3% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $13.49B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $1.84B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 6.8% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $6.51B | 2024 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 77.2% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.6% | 2021 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.7% | 2021 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 91.4% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 88.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 94.8% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 17.2% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 71 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 1.1% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 47.8% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 19.1% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 39.5% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 50 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 26.4% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 10.7M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 115 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 92,230 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 91,606 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 61.3% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 6.6M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 38.7% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 82.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 79.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 85.2 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.4 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.1 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 11.2 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 16,472 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 12.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 62.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 24.5% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 59.6% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 39.1% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 20.4% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 93.3 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 41.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 5.4M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.2% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 54.6% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 62.1% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 6.2% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 6.5% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 20.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 2.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 24.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 72.7% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 58.7% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 9.7% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 85.6% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 32.3% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.8% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 49.7% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 54.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 14.4% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 7.8% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.6% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.4% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 111.0% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 120.3% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 77.7% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 104.5% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 100.6% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 2,741 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 52,131 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 82,664 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 12 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 10 | 2017 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 29.0% | 2015 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.3 | 2020 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 42.6% | 2015 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 18.3% | 2015 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 3.3 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 36 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,853 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 5,146 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 64.9% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 32.3% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 8.5 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 36.2% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 33,120 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 10.1% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 17.1% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 16.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.7% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 43.3% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 5,502 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 110.3 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 113.9 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 104.8 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 189,560 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 163,560 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 179.2 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 14.7% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 16.1% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 1.0M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 88.5% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 123 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 44.1 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 28,710.3 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.70% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 711 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 42 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 19,623 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $4.13B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 8.5% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $5.31B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 1,008 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 5,687 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 18.3M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 569 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 2.8M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 2,527 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 2,912 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 2,699 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.40 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 32.6% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 55.0% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 88.7% | 2025 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 7 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.00 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.7 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.99 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.71 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.76 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 1.07 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 1.21 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 74.1% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 80.2% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 83.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 70.6% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.5% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $4.64B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 52,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.0% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 3.6% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.7 | 2022 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.4% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.7% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 2.2% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 16.4% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 33.9 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 26.9% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.7% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 41.8% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.4% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 2.4% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 41.07 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.2% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.77 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.78 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.76 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 11.3 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 4.2M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 680,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $10.52B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $3.54B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 12.2% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.69B | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 3.0M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 46.1% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 40.9% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.1% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 95.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 93.9% | 2024 |
Explore Rankings
See where Portugal ranks globally across key indicators
Similar Economies
Countries in the same region (Europe & Central Asia) or income group (High income)
