North Macedonia
Capital: SkopjeRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: Upper middle income
North Macedonia's GDP is $20.75B (2026), with a population of 1.8M, and GDP per capita of $11,527. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.2%, inflation at 3.0%, unemployment at 12.7%, government debt at 53.9% of GDP, life expectancy of 75.3 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore North Macedonia's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 53.9% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -4.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -3.1% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 12.7% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.5% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 5.9% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 2.4% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 29.4% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 33.4% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 17.8% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 37.1% | 2023 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 4.1% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 17.3% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.4% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $5.25B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 4.6 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 56.87 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 19.58 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 60.5% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 136.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 61.7% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 74.6% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $10.46B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $12.65B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $8.42B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $11.97B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 6.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | -0.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.06B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $458.2M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 6.4% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.1% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-356.0M | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 81.2% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $12.84B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 9.6% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $5.46B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $572.0M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.8% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $414.5M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 73.7% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 53.9% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 11.6% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.7% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 84.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 77.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 91.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 30.5% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 39 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 18.4% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 20.6% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 16.4% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 44.3% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 31 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 56.6% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.8M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.2% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 72 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 25,710 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 25,220 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 62.6% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 1.1M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 37.4% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 75.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 73.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 77.6 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.5 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 9.2 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 11 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -5,645 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 16.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.2% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 18.0% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 53.5% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 27.7% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 25.8% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 106 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 57.9 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 786,790 | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.9% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 42.7% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 61.8% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 12.3% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 11.1% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 13.1% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 28.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 8.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 30.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 60.9% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 52.0% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 12.3% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 83.4% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 22.7% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.3% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 42.7% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 45.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 16.6% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 18.5% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 96.3% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 90.1% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 55.0% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 95.8% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 93.0% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 4,151 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 1,869 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 7,675 | 2022 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 19,035 | 2022 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 15 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 9 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 93.0 | 2022 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 15.0% | 2002 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 4 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 7 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,450 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 3,320 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 31.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 19.5% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 81.3% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 26.1 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 39.7% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 10,015 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 16.5% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 28.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 98.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.0% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 49.6% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,408 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.7 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 102.7 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 93.2 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 153,454 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 435 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 54.3 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 40.2% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 522,972 | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 87.2% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 105 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 29.2 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 2,068.1 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.40% | 2023 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 42 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 532 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $431.8M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 21.6% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $683.4M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 67 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 922 | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 86,868 | 2009 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2009 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 683 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 25 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 375 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.10 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 7.6% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 39.2% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 42.9% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 88.4% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 104.7% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 13 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 104.95 | 2017 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.35 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.05 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.17 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.43 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.17 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.16 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 42.5% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 49.1% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 45.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 51.2% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $353.7M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 16,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 2.0% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 5.5% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 1.5 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 22.2% | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.56 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.57 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.54 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.3 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 118,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $253.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $153.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 3.5% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 620,825 | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 54.4% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 0.3% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -1.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 80.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 12.1% | 2024 |
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