Colombia
Capital: BogotaRegion: Latin America & Caribbean Income: Upper middle income
Colombia's GDP is $462.25B (2026), with a population of 52.9M, and GDP per capita of $8,644. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.3%, inflation at 3.5%, unemployment at 9.8%, government debt at 61.9% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Colombia's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 3,662.84 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.5% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 61.9% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -5.7% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.6% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 9.8% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 6.6% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 9.8% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 16.4% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 10.2% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 71.5% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 26.0% | 2024 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 33.3% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 15.3% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 24.3% | 2024 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 24.1% | 2024 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $61.90B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 7.3 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 4,074.43 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1,443.72 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 48.2% | 2023 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 37.0% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 16.1% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 20.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $67.43B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $87.64B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $49.56B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $64.11B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.3% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $13.68B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $11.87B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 9.0% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-6.88B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 49.2% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $201.76B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 8.2% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $102.81B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $5.96B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.3% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.03B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 39.5% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 17.3% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $72.64B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 1.2% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 60 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.7% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.5% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 57.1% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 51.0% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 63.7% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 38.5% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 28 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 5.4% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 62.5% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 24.6% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 42.1% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 39 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 44.4% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 52.9M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 47 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.1M | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.1M | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 78.5% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 41.5M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 21.5% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 77.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 75.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.5 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.6 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 13.5 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.4 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 129,139 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 20.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 69.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 9.8% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 43.0% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 14.0% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 29.0% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 122.7 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 66.2 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 27.1M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 63.4% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.6% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 75.7% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 8.3% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 10.5% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 6.7% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 17.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 14.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 20.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 65.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 63.5% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 43.0% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 54.4% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 22.2% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 2.7% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 41.6% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 58.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 45.6% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 23.2% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 95.3% | 2024 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 95.7% | 2024 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 95.0% | 2024 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.0% | 2024 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 104.8% | 2022 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 101.6% | 2022 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 59.3% | 2022 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 97.1% | 2022 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 83.0% | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 289,295 | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 131,157 | 2022 |
| Primary School Teachers | 180,781 | 2022 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 190,940 | 2022 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 23 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 26 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 32.7% | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 91.3 | 2021 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 38.1% | 2018 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 23.3% | 2018 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 1.8 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 95 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 863 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,553 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 75.1% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 29.7% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 98.7% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 91.8% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 14.2 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 52.8% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 585,441 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 2.3% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 26.4% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 41.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 97.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 96.6% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 36.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 4,333 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 110.6 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 111.6 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 110.3 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 1.2M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 193,985 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 372.9 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 3.9% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.1% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 5.0M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 77.3% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 167 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 17 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 1,126.2 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.29% | 2020 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 432 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 1,855 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 9,683 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $956.0M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 11.3% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $2.05B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 486 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 42.4M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,936.5 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 4.5M | 2022 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.90 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 4.1% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 29.4% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 51.9% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 57.3% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 111.0% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 59.5 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 113.55 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.04 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.97 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.31 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.08 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.72 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.1 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.46 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.21 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 44.8% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 48.1% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 35.8% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 19.0% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $15.10B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 428,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.7% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.1% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 24.9 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 7.7% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 13.9% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 37.6% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 31.8% | 2024 |
| Gini Index | 53.9 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 42.7% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 1.1% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 58.7% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 3.4% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | -2.6% | 2020 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 14.56 | 2020 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 3.0% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 10.6% | 2022 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 31.4% | 2022 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 0.1% | 2022 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 41.0% | 2022 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.60 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.59 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.6 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.4M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 1.3M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.96B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $1.58B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 5.1% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $364.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.4% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 11.8M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 28.0% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 44.5% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 9.7% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 74.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 18.7% | 2024 |
Explore Rankings
See where Colombia ranks globally across key indicators
Similar Economies
Countries in the same region (Latin America & Caribbean ) or income group (Upper middle income)
