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Turkiye

TUREurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeCapital: Ankara
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
78/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$1,641
2027▲ 4.1%
Population
85.5M
2024▲ 0.2%
GDP per Capita
$18,892
2027▲ 3.6%
Life Expectancy
77.2 years
2023▼ 0.6%
Turkiye in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Turkiye· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Turkiye

Turkiye's GDP is $1.58T (2026), with a population of 85.5M, and GDP per capita of $18,232. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.7%, inflation at 24.7%, unemployment at 8.3%, government debt at 25.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.2 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Located in Europe and Central Asia, this upper middle-income nation is projected to have a GDP of $1576.11 billion in 2026, with a growth rate of 3.7%. The GDP per capita is expected to reach $18,232.02. Inflation is anticipated to be 24.7% in 2026. Trade is significant, with trade/GDP ratio at 54.6% in 2024. Unemployment is projected to be 8.52% in 2025. The population is estimated to be 85,518,661 in 2024. Life expectancy stands at 77.16 years as of 2023. The capital city is Ankara.

▶Economy30 indicators · 2020–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$1,6412027▲ 4.1%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)3.7%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$18,8922027▲ 3.6%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$4,1932027▲ 5.5%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$48,2792027▲ 5.0%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)1.82%2027▲ 0.5%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$1.34T2024▲ 18.9%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$13,4602024▲ 12.4%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$45,1102024▲ 6.5%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)25.5%2024▼ 9.5%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)57.5%2024▲ 5.8%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)5.8%2024▼ 8.9%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)14.5%2024▲ 9.2%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)54.3%2024▲ 0.5%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)30.7%2024▼ 11.2%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)30.1%2024▼ 5.3%WB
GDP Deflator (%)59.3%2024▼ 13.2%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$93,1152024▲ 0.3%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)16.8%2024▼ 13.5%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)33.8%2022▼ 1.5%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$7,1982020—WB
Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI)13.1%2020—WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)0.5%2024▲ 129.0%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.05%2021▲ 93.9%WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.63%2021—WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.14%2021▲ 125.3%WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.01%2021▲ 347.2%WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)0.8%2021—WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$346.63B2024▲ 7.7%WB
▶Financial Markets3 indicators · 2025–2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Central Bank Policy Rate (%)41.33%2025▼ 10.8%WB
Exchange Rate (per USD)44.652026—WB
Exchange Rate (per EUR)44.822025▲ 26.0%WB
▶Currencies1 indicator · 2026 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
USD/TRY44.6582026▲ 4.0%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary20 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)19.5%2027▼ 21.1%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)26.0%2027▲ 3.6%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-4.0%2027▼ 5.3%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-1.2%2027▲ 7.7%IMF
Unemployment Rate (%)8.7%2027▲ 4.8%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)58.5%2024▲ 8.6%WB
Deposit Interest Rate (%)71.0%2024▲ 38.4%WB
Government Debt (% of GDP)26.6%2024▼ 20.0%WB
Government Revenue (% of GDP)31.5%2024▼ 4.7%WB
Government Expenditure (% of GDP)33.0%2023▲ 13.6%WB
Tax Revenue (% of GDP)17.6%2024▼ 3.3%WB
Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue)35.0%2024▲ 2.7%WB
Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue)1.7%2024▲ 0.8%WB
Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev)17.7%2024▼ 1.0%WB
Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP)2.6%2024▲ 10.5%WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$154.77B2024▲ 9.9%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)4.72024▲ 13.7%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)32.812024▲ 38.2%WB
PPP Conversion Factor11.422024▲ 53.9%WB
Broad Money (% of GDP)52.3%2023▼ 3.9%WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)54.6%2024▼ 16.9%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)27.6%2024▼ 13.6%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)27.0%2024▼ 20.0%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$374.69B2024▲ 2.9%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$367.38B2024▼ 4.7%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$261.80B2024▲ 2.4%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$344.01B2024▼ 5.0%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)0.9%2024▼ 7.8%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)0.5%2024▼ 6.9%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$11.70B2024▲ 9.8%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$982.0M2024▼ 4.6%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)0.1%2024▼ 19.9%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)5.1%2024▲ 13.7%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-0.7%2024▲ 78.5%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$-10.19B2024▲ 74.4%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)39.4%2024▼ 12.8%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$514.99B2024▲ 3.0%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)6.7%2024▼ 1.4%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$149.00B2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$7.22B2024▼ 2.8%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)0.1%2023▲ 57.1%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$1.55B2023▲ 93.5%WB
▶Finance12 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP)58.0%2024▼ 10.3%WB
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)43.0%2024▼ 12.0%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP)27.9%2024▼ 5.7%WB
Stock Market Capitalization (USD)$378.96B2024▲ 12.3%WB
Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP)70.6%2024▼ 26.1%WB
Listed Domestic Companies5512024▲ 6.6%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)7.2%2023▼ 12.3%WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)1.5%2023▼ 25.2%WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)81.6%2024▲ 10.1%WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)71.7%2024▲ 14.6%WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)91.6%2024▲ 7.3%WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)26.7%2024—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)142024—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)2.5%2024—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)15.8%2024—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)9.4%2024—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)14.6%2024—WB
Average Firm Age (years)22 years2024—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)34.0%2024—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population85.5M2024▲ 0.2%WB
Population Growth (%)0.2%2024▼ 44.5%WB
Population Density (per km²)1112023▲ 0.4%WB
Surface Area (sq km)785,3502023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)769,6302023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)89.3%2024▲ 0.4%WB
Urban Population (total)76.4M2024▲ 0.6%WB
Rural Population (%)10.7%2024▼ 2.9%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth77.2 years2023▼ 0.6%WB
Life Expectancy, Male74.5 years2023▼ 0.2%WB
Life Expectancy, Female79.9 years2023▼ 1.1%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)1.52023▼ 7.4%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)11.22023▼ 8.2%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)6.22023▲ 5.1%WB
Net Migration-258,2052025▲ 6.4%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)21.4%2024▼ 1.8%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)68.3%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)10.3%2024▲ 2.8%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)46.5%2024▼ 0.5%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)15.1%2024▲ 2.7%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)31.4%2024▼ 1.9%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)111.42023▲ 1.0%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)652023▲ 30.5%WB
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force36.8M2025▲ 1.1%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)54.4%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)37.1%2025▲ 1.0%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)71.9%2025▲ 0.0%WB
Unemployment (%)8.5%2025▼ 3.2%WB
Female Unemployment (%)11.6%2025▼ 2.3%WB
Male Unemployment (%)6.9%2025▼ 4.2%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)16.0%2025▼ 1.5%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)14.2%2025▼ 2.3%WB
Employment in Industry (%)27.3%2025▼ 0.3%WB
Employment in Services (%)58.5%2025▲ 0.7%WB
Self-Employed (%)54.2%2024▲ 1.6%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)23.9%2025▼ 1.3%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)71.5%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Part-Time Employment (%)21.6%2024▲ 19.0%WB
Employers (% of total employment)4.6%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)34.4%2025▲ 0.7%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)49.7%2025▲ 0.6%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)28.5%2025▼ 1.0%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)22.9%2024▲ 2.0%WB
▶Education18 indicators · 2006–2022 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)3.1%2022▼ 12.5%WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)11.3%2022▲ 0.2%WB
Adult Literacy Rate (%)97.3%2021—WB
Female Literacy Rate (%)95.3%2021—WB
Male Literacy Rate (%)99.3%2021—WB
Youth Literacy Rate (%)92.2%2022▼ 7.7%WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)102.5%2022▼ 0.1%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)116.0%2022▲ 1.7%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)127.6%2022▲ 1.4%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)101.5%2022▼ 1.9%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)92.4%2022▼ 1.0%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary13,9552022▲ 23.0%WB
Primary School Teachers310,4772022▲ 1.2%WB
Secondary School Teachers766,0542022▲ 1.7%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary172017—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary172017—WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)99.62021—WB
Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt)31.9%2006—WB
▶Health38 indicators · 2018–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)4.3%2023▲ 15.4%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$5482023▲ 42.0%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)3.2%2023▲ 16.6%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)19.0%2023▼ 2.2%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)2.22022▲ 5.6%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)3.52022▲ 4.0%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)32023▲ 1.3%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)12.82023▲ 33.3%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)4.92023▼ 2.0%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)152023▼ 28.6%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)12.12023▲ 36.0%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)13.52023▲ 31.1%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)5.2%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)90.2%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)4.7%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)95.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)99.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)132024▼ 7.1%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)41.2%2022▼ 1.7%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)19.8%2022▲ 1.5%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)2.72021—WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)1.72020—WHO
Maternal Deaths1572023▼ 31.5%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)132024▼ 7.1%WHO
Malaria Deaths (estimated)02024—WHO
Malaria Incidence (per 1K at risk)02020—WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)95%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Physicians (total)232023▲ 4.7%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel352023▲ 1.3%WHO
Dentists (total)248,2872023▲ 1.9%WHO
Pharmacists (total)59,7502023▲ 0.2%WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)1.7%2018—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)1.5%2018—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index772023▲ 0.0%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)5,5282021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$5482023▲ 42.0%WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)5.42024▲ 2.8%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)4602024▲ 3.0%WB
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)1,8502023▲ 0.4%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)3,5812023▲ 0.8%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)35.4%2021▼ 15.4%WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)12.0%2021▼ 12.4%WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)95.3%2023▲ 0.0%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)21.62020—WB
Forest Area (%)29.5%2023▲ 0.7%WB
Forest Area (sq km)226,8842023▲ 0.7%WB
Arable Land (%)26.3%2023▲ 0.3%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)5.7%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)1.7%2024▼ 5.6%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)96.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)99.3%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)50.1%2023▲ 0.2%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)3,6592023▲ 5.6%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)128.92022▲ 7.3%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)125.32022▲ 9.4%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)137.32022▲ 4.1%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)11.5M2023▲ 3.3%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)454,0592023▲ 35.5%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)139.62023▲ 21.9%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)2.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Agricultural Irrigated Land (%)12.5%2023▲ 2.8%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)28.4%2022▲ 10.4%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)42.2M2023▲ 9.1%WB
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)87.3%2024▲ 1.6%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)1062023▲ 1.9%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)22.52023▲ 2.9%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)11,103.42024▲ 12.4%WB
R&D Spending (% of GDP)1.32%2022▼ 5.6%WB
Patent Applications, Residents8,2342021—WB
Patent Applications, Non-Residents2422021▲ 1.7%WB
Scientific Journal Articles52,6582022▲ 10.6%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$9.90B2024▲ 17.0%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)4.2%2024▲ 5.6%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$4.86B2024▲ 14.2%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident59,3532021▲ 41.1%WB
Researchers in R&D (per million)2,4792022▲ 12.2%WB
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried125.9M2023▲ 20.3%WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)8,367.32023▼ 0.6%WB
Container Port Traffic (TEU)12.4M2022▼ 1.8%WB
Rail Lines (total km)10,5462021—WB
Railways, Passengers (million km)10,6832021—WB
Railways, Goods (million ton-km)15,9002021—WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)3.402022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)0.4%2023▼ 3.2%WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)0.0%2021—WB
▶Gender8 indicators · 2017–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)19.9%2024▲ 0.2%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)36.8%2024▲ 2.7%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)72.7%2025▲ 0.7%WB
Girls Out-of-School Rate (%)94.6%2017—WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)12.12023▼ 1.2%WB
Gender Parity Index, Primary95.192017—WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary0.972020—WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education0.992020—WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption-0.52023▼ 7.3%WB
Government Effectiveness-0.252023▼ 24.2%WB
Political Stability-1.012023▲ 2.0%WB
Regulatory Quality-0.232023▲ 6.2%WB
Rule of Law-0.512023▼ 11.4%WB
Voice & Accountability-0.862023▲ 7.1%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)34.9%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)41.5%2023▼ 5.4%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)32.5%2023▼ 12.7%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)13.7%2023▲ 0.5%WB
▶Military5 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Military Spending (% of GDP)1.9%2024▲ 11.8%WB
Military Expenditure (USD)$24.98B2024▲ 27.6%WB
Armed Forces Personnel512,0002020—WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)1.6%2020—WB
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)3.22023▲ 23.1%WB
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Poverty at $2.15/day (%)0.5%2022▼ 44.4%WB
Poverty at $3.65/day (%)1.2%2022▼ 47.8%WB
Poverty at $6.85/day (%)10.8%2022▼ 16.3%WB
Poverty Headcount, National (%)13.6%2023▲ 0.7%WB
Gini Index44.52022▲ 0.2%WB
Income Share, Top 10%35.2%2022▲ 1.4%WB
Income Share, Bottom 10%2.1%2022▲ 5.0%WB
Income Share, Top 20%50.5%2022▲ 0.8%WB
Income Share, Bottom 20%5.4%2022▲ 3.8%WB
Shared Prosperity Premium (%)4.1%2022—WB
Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day)28.942022—WB
Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%)0.1%2022▼ 66.7%WB
▶Social Protection8 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Social Insurance Coverage (%)37.2%2019——
Social Assistance Coverage (%)14.5%2019——
Labor Market Programs Coverage (%)1.8%2019——
Social Protection Coverage (%)49.3%2019——
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.652020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.662020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.642020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School9.2 years2020—WB
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals16.0M2020—WB
International Tourism, Departures2.2M2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (USD)$13.77B2020—WB
Tourism Expenditures (USD)$1.64B2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (% of total exports)6.6%2020—WB
International Tourism, Transport Services (USD)$3.55B2020—WB
▶Urban Development7 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)0.6%2024▲ 51.3%WB
Population in Largest City16.2M2025▲ 1.2%WB
Population in Largest City (% of urban)21.2%2025▲ 0.8%WB
Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total)39.3%2025▲ 1.0%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)14.1%2022—WB
Rural Population Growth (%)-2.8%2024▼ 596.8%WB
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)78.9%2024▲ 2.2%WHO

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