Serbia
Capital: BelgradeRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: Upper middle income
GDP
$112.11B
2026
Population
6.6M
2024
GDP per Capita
$17K
2026
Life Expectancy
76.2 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $112.11B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 3.6% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $17K | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $225.55B | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $35K | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.10% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $84.45B | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $12K | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $31K | 2024 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 23.1% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 58.8% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 17.5% | 2024 |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 62.0% | 2024 |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 25.0% | 2024 |
| Gross Savings (% of GNI) | 20.6% | 2024 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 6.3% | 2024 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $57K | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 12.7% | 2024 |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 26.8% | 2022 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $7K | 2021 |
| Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI) | 5.7% | 2021 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -4.6% | 2024 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.24% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.66% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.42% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.10% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 0.33% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $20.79B | 2024 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 4.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 44.2% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.8% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -5.3% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 8.6% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 4.7% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 38.6% | 2022 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 23.9% | 2022 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 40.9% | 2022 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 17.6% | 2022 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 6.6% | 2022 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $30.48B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 6.2 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 108.21 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 53.0% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 111.7% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 58.1% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $48.28B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $52.38B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $31.59B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $42.24B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 6.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $5.59B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $5.76B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 6.4% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -4.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-4.10B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 62.2% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $51.98B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 12.2% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $23.19B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $2.64B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.7% | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 32.6% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 83.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 81.1% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 85.7% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 40.7% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 191 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 6.4% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 27.4% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 20.9% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 10 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 32.8% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 6.6M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.6% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 79 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 84,990 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 84,090 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 62.4% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 4.1M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 37.6% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 76.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 73.9 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 78.7 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.6 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 9.2 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 14.7 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -13,086 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 14.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 63.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 22.7% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 58.7% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 140.8 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 70.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 3.3M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 59.1% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.6% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 66.5% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 7.1% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 7.5% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 6.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 20.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 18.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 27.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 54.9% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 23.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 73.0% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 17.3% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.1% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.3% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 8.4% | 2023 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 99.3% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 99.6% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.7% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 96.6% | 2022 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 92.0% | 2022 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 73.2% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 96.0% | 2022 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 95.3% | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 10,425 | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 4,876 | 2022 |
| Primary School Teachers | 16,557 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 67,944 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 14 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 8 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 45.3% | 2015 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 8.0% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $984 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 5.3% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 32.1% | 2023 |
| Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 3.1 | 2022 |
| Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000) | 6.7 | 2022 |
| Hospital Beds (per 1,000) | 5.8 | 2022 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 5.2 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 4.7 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 5.8 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 2.7% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 94.9% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 2.4% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 84.0% | 2024 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 95.0% | 2024 |
| HIV Incidence (per 1,000) | 0.10 | 2024 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 9 | 2024 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Males (%) | 39.9% | 2022 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Females (%) | 39.1% | 2022 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 15.1 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 7.9 | 2019 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,378 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 5,090 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 35.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 27.2% | 2021 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 83.1% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 22.5 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 32.4% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 27,236 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 13.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 95.4% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.9% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 40.4% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 6,106 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 98.4 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 94.6 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 107.0 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 1.8M | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 137.8 | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 1.4% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 60.6% | 2022 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 87.7% | 2024 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 31.3 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 12,941.8 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.95% | 2023 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 138 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 18 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 5,379 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $1.53B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 28.6% | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 137 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 2,515 | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 3.9M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 19.3 | 2023 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 3,348 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 191 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 2,925 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.80 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 38.0% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 52.7% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 76.0% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 99.7% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 13.7 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.02 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.45 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.01 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.14 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.06 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 38.2% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 51.9% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 51.4% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 44.5% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.6% | 2024 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.0% | 2020 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 1.3 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 2.0% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 3.2% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 10.3% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 32.8 | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.7% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.4% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 39.8% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.9% | 2022 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 7.8% | 2022 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 21.97 | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 8.3% | 2022 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.68 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.70 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.66 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 9.8 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 446,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.42B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $1.18B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 5.6% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $177.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Largest City | 1.4M | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 21.6% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 1.4% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -1.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 24.1% | 2024 |