Nigeria
NGASub-Saharan Africa Lower middle incomeCapital: AbujaEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
73/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$359
2027▲ 7.5%
Population
232.7M
2024▲ 2.1%
GDP per Capita
$1,451
2027▲ 5.2%
Life Expectancy
54.5 years
2023▲ 0.7%
Nigeria in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Nigeria· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Nigeria
Nigeria's GDP is $334.34B (2026), with a population of 232.7M, and GDP per capita of $1,378. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 4.2%, inflation at 22.0%, government debt at 35.0% of GDP, life expectancy of 54.5 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
The economy is classified as lower middle income and is projected to grow by 4.2% in 2026, with a GDP of $334.341 billion. The GDP per capita is expected to be $1378.284 in the same year. However, the economy faces challenges such as high inflation, projected at 22.0% in 2026, and an unemployment rate of 3.064% in 2025. The economy is diverse, with significant contributions from agriculture, services, and a growing oil sector. The population is estimated to be 232,679,478 in 2024, reflecting its status as one of Africa's most populous nations. Life expectancy stands at 54.462 years as of 2023. The society is rich in cultural diversity with over 250 ethnic groups, each with its own language and traditions. The capital, Abuja, serves as the administrative center, while major cities like Lagos are key economic hubs.
▶Economy25 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Financial Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1,357.34 | 2026 | — | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary15 indicators · 2022–2027 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 17.0% | 2027 | ▼ 22.7% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 35.3% | 2027 | ▲ 0.9% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.8% | 2027 | ▲ 24.3% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.0% | 2027 | ▼ 16.7% | IMF |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 18.5% | 2026 | ▲ 5.2% | IMF |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 22.1% | 2026 | ▼ 5.2% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 33.2% | 2024 | ▲ 34.8% | WB |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 2.9% | 2023 | ▼ 27.5% | WB |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 14.0% | 2023 | ▲ 13.6% | WB |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 7.8% | 2023 | ▲ 31.4% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $38.61B | 2024 | ▲ 20.5% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 6.8 | 2024 | ▲ 38.5% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1,478.97 | 2024 | ▲ 129.2% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 176.33 | 2024 | ▲ 11.4% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 19.0% | 2022 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
▶Trade10 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $53.32B | 2024 | ▼ 3.4% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $41.26B | 2024 | ▼ 16.5% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 | ▲ 11.5% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▲ 208.1% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.08B | 2024 | ▼ 42.3% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $21.29B | 2024 | ▲ 8.9% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 8.4% | 2024 | ▲ 110.4% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 2.7% | 2024 | ▼ 23.2% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 6.8% | 2024 | ▲ 417.8% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $17.22B | 2024 | ▲ 168.0% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 60.0% | 2024 | ▲ 106.8% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $108.76B | 2024 | ▲ 6.1% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 5.5% | 2024 | ▲ 170.5% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $43.38B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $6.05B | 2024 | ▼ 23.1% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.8% | 2023 | ▲ 8.6% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $3.60B | 2023 | ▼ 18.4% | WB |
▶Finance11 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 9.6% | 2022 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 21.6% | 2024 | ▲ 126.3% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $54.40B | 2024 | ▲ 17.1% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2024 | ▲ 82.6% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 169 | 2024 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 5.7% | 2022 | ▼ 15.9% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 4.0% | 2022 | ▼ 18.6% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 63.3% | 2024 | ▲ 39.6% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 52.2% | 2024 | ▲ 49.3% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 74.3% | 2024 | ▲ 34.0% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 5.2% | 2025 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 25 | 2025 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 29.4% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 18.4% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 14.3% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 36.2% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 18 years | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 56.4% | 2025 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 232.7M | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 250 | 2023 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 923,770 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 910,770 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 63.0% | 2024 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 146.5M | 2024 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 37.0% | 2024 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 54.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 54.2 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 54.7 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 4.5 | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 33 | 2023 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 11.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Net Migration | -15,258 | 2025 | ▲ 56.7% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 41.0% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 55.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 78.8% | 2024 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 5.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 73.3% | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 356.4 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 342.6 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
▶Labor19 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 116.6M | 2025 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 82.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 80.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 84.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.9% | 2025 | ▼ 4.8% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.3% | 2025 | ▲ 10.7% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 5.3% | 2025 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 33.5% | 2025 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 17.0% | 2025 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 49.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 81.5% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 66.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 13.8% | 2025 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 19.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 48.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 80.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 86.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 11.9% | 2024 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
▶Education15 indicators · 2009–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 0.3% | 2023 | ▼ 8.4% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 3.0% | 2024 | ▼ 18.3% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 70.4% | 2024 | ▲ 11.5% | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 62.4% | 2024 | ▲ 17.2% | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 78.4% | 2024 | ▲ 6.4% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 81.4% | 2024 | ▲ 10.4% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 89.6% | 2023 | ▲ 6.9% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 46.9% | 2023 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 70.2% | 2010 | — | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 44.2% | 2010 | — | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 9.1M | 2023 | — | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 4.7M | 2023 | — | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 913,305 | 2021 | ▲ 10.9% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 912,245 | 2021 | ▲ 5.8% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 64.4 | 2009 | — | WB |
▶Health41 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.6 | 2024 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 132 | 2024 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 333 | 2022 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 136 | 2022 | ▼ 5.0% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 23.8% | 2021 | ▲ 13.1% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 80.3% | 2021 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 61.2% | 2023 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 26.2% | 2023 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 56.5 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 23.2% | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 211,371 | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 40.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 11.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.0% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 82.2% | 2024 | ▲ 1.4% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 47.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 76.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,549 | 2023 | ▼ 6.7% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 119.8 | 2022 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 120.9 | 2022 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 112.9 | 2022 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 18.1M | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 799,635 | 2023 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 4.2 | 2023 | ▼ 41.8% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 19.9% | 2023 | ▲ 6.4% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 5.6% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 28.1M | 2023 | ▼ 7.5% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 39.2% | 2023 | ▲ 4.0% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 98 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.1 | 2023 | ▲ 18.2% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 98.4 | 2024 | ▲ 106.6% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.28% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 410 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 598 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 9,408 | 2022 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $50.1M | 2024 | ▼ 23.1% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 4.0% | 2024 | ▼ 5.7% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $184.4M | 2024 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 1,016 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 22 | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2005–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 5.3M | 2023 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 3.1 | 2023 | ▲ 17.9% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 1.6M | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 3,528 | 2015 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 77 | 2005 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.60 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender6 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 3.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 80.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 10.5% | 2025 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 86.4 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.95 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.01 | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.04 | 2023 | ▲ 7.9% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.85 | 2023 | ▲ 18.6% | WB |
| Political Stability | -1.77 | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.94 | 2023 | ▲ 19.0% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.89 | 2023 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.55 | 2023 | ▲ 8.4% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 17.0% | 2023 | ▲ 24.1% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 20.3% | 2023 | ▲ 53.6% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 20.3% | 2023 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 7.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2024 | ▼ 34.1% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $1.13B | 2024 | ▼ 63.5% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 223,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.2% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 3.1% | 2024 | ▼ 50.6% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 15.7 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 41.8% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 64.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 92.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 56.2% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 33.9 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 26.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 41.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.5% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 13.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.36 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.37 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.36 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 5.0 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2016–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 5.3M | 2016 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $321.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $6.61B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 0.8% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $8.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 3.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 17.2M | 2025 | ▲ 3.8% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 11.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 17.6% | 2025 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 48.5% | 2022 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 | ▼ 11261.0% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 29.9% | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 32.2% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WHO |
