Iraq
IRQMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & PakistanUpper middle incomeCapital: BaghdadEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
71/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$289
2027▲ 5.4%
Population
46.0M
2024▲ 2.1%
GDP per Capita
$6,045
2027▲ 2.9%
Life Expectancy
72.3 years
2023▲ 0.4%
Iraq in world space2003–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Iraq· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Iraq
Iraq's GDP is $273.91B (2026), with a population of 46.0M, and GDP per capita of $5,873. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.6%, inflation at 2.5%, government debt at 58.0% of GDP, life expectancy of 72.3 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan region, the country is classified as an upper middle-income economy. With a GDP of $273.91 billion in 2026, it ranks 54th globally. The GDP per capita is $6,000, reflecting modest economic progress. The real GDP growth rate is projected at 3.6% in 2026, with inflation at 2.5%. The economy is notably open, with trade accounting for 70.7% of GDP in 2024. However, foreign direct investment inflows are negative, at -2.7% of GDP, indicating potential challenges in attracting investment. The country has a population of 46.0 million as of 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 72.3 years in 2023. The fertility rate stands at 3.2 births per woman. The adult literacy rate is 84.1%, and health spending constitutes 5.5% of GDP. Unemployment is relatively high at 15.5% in 2025. The Gini Index of 29.8 in 2023 suggests moderate income inequality.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary10 indicators · 2024–2027 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.4% | 2027 | ▲ 36.0% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 62.1% | 2027 | ▲ 7.1% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -6.8% | 2027 | ▲ 4.2% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.5% | 2027 | ▲ 54.5% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | -12.3% | 2024 | ▼ 382.1% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $100.69B | 2024 | ▼ 10.3% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 11.2 | 2024 | ▼ 29.4% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1,300 | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 545.87 | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 47.9% | 2024 | ▼ 6.3% | WB |
▶Trade14 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 70.7% | 2024 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 37.5% | 2024 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 33.2% | 2024 | ▲ 11.3% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $104.89B | 2024 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $92.84B | 2024 | ▲ 15.8% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $100.99B | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $87.41B | 2024 | ▲ 32.8% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | -2.7% | 2024 | ▼ 37.1% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▲ 47.4% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-7.65B | 2024 | ▼ 42.6% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $696.3M | 2024 | ▼ 40.1% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▼ 42.4% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.0% | 2024 | ▼ 71.6% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $8.37B | 2024 | ▼ 70.5% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 6.2% | 2024 | ▼ 17.3% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $17.52B | 2024 | ▼ 13.8% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2024 | ▼ 26.8% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $9.09B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $3.56B | 2024 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.7% | 2023 | ▲ 35.6% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $2.01B | 2023 | ▲ 27.8% | WB |
▶Finance7 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 14.0% | 2024 | ▲ 11.2% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 11.8% | 2023 | ▲ 7.2% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 14.7% | 2023 | ▼ 22.2% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 30.2% | 2024 | ▲ 62.5% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 18.8% | 2024 | ▲ 26.3% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 40.8% | 2024 | ▲ 83.6% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 0.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 19 | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 51.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 3.8% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 1.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 16.8% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 20 years | 2022 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 44.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 46.0M | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▼ 5.6% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 104 | 2023 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 435,050 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 434,130 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 69.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 32.2M | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 30.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 72.3 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 70.4 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 74.1 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.2 | 2023 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 25.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 4.1 | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Net Migration | -1,064 | 2025 | ▲ 94.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 36.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 60.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 66.7% | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 5.7% | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 61.0% | 2024 | ▼ 2.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 154.7 | 2023 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 110.4 | 2023 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 12.5M | 2025 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 41.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 10.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 15.5% | 2025 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 30.1% | 2025 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 13.3% | 2025 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 32.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 8.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 26.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 65.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 39.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 27.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 68.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 21.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 4.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 13.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 35.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 31.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 36.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Education10 indicators · 2007–2021 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 84.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 77.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 90.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 92.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 104.6% | 2007 | — | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 50.6% | 2007 | — | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 63.6% | 2007 | — | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 44.9% | 2007 | — | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 286,890 | 2007 | — | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 148,363 | 2007 | — | WB |
▶Health39 indicators · 2018–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 5.2 | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 239 | 2024 | ▲ 2.4% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,412 | 2022 | ▲ 10.7% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,373 | 2022 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 3.8% | 2021 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 1.1% | 2021 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 99.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 38.2 | 2020 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 1.9% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 8,250 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 11.4% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 1.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.3% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 98.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 98.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 21.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,749 | 2023 | ▼ 7.7% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 106.4 | 2022 | ▼ 16.7% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 104.2 | 2022 | ▼ 18.4% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 112 | 2022 | ▼ 9.6% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 1.9M | 2023 | ▲ 52.0% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 42,144 | 2023 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 50.5 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 14.9% | 2023 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 120.5% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 5.2M | 2023 | ▲ 40.3% | WB |
▶Technology12 indicators · 2018–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 81.7% | 2023 | ▲ 3.8% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 101 | 2023 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 17.2 | 2023 | ▲ 18.9% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 34.5 | 2024 | ▼ 20.9% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.04% | 2021 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 635 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 98 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 13,408 | 2022 | ▲ 17.6% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.9% | 2024 | ▼ 43.9% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $92.4M | 2024 | ▼ 34.2% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 81 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 164 | 2021 | ▲ 20.3% | WB |
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2010–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 3.8M | 2023 | ▲ 38.6% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 932,729 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 2,370 | 2014 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 249 | 2010 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.40 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 47.6% | 2022 | ▲ 17.6% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender6 indicators · 2007–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 28.9% | 2024 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 10.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 62.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 58 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.75 | 2007 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.84 | 2007 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.32 | 2023 | ▼ 8.9% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.39 | 2023 | ▼ 6.7% | WB |
| Political Stability | -2.41 | 2023 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.44 | 2023 | ▼ 21.8% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -1.69 | 2023 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.96 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 8.5% | 2023 | ▼ 21.7% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 8.5% | 2023 | ▼ 10.0% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 3.8% | 2023 | ▲ 14.3% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 2.4% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
▶Military5 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.4% | 2024 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $6.18B | 2024 | ▲ 12.0% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 459,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 4.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.9% | 2024 | ▼ 5.0% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 2.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 28.0% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 17.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 29.8 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.2% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 38.9% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.9% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.41 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.42 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.40 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 4.0 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism3 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $955.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $4.17B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 1.9% | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 2.2% | 2024 | ▼ 4.5% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 8.1M | 2025 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 24.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 24.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 49.3% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▼ 8.3% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 59.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 50.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WHO |
