Colombia
COLLatin America & Caribbean Upper middle incomeCapital: BogotaEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
76/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$482
2027▲ 4.3%
Population
52.9M
2024▲ 1.1%
GDP per Capita
$8,961
2027▲ 3.7%
Life Expectancy
77.7 years
2023▲ 1.6%
Colombia in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Colombia· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Colombia
Colombia's GDP is $462.25B (2026), with a population of 52.9M, and GDP per capita of $8,644. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.3%, inflation at 3.5%, unemployment at 9.8%, government debt at 61.9% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.7 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in Latin America and the Caribbean, this upper middle-income economy ranks 37th globally in terms of GDP, with a total output of $462.25 billion in 2026. The GDP per capita is projected to be $9,000, reflecting modest economic progress. Real GDP growth is expected to be 2.3% in 2026, with an inflation rate of 3.5%. The economy is characterized by a trade openness of 37.0% of GDP and foreign direct investment inflows constituting 3.3% of GDP in 2024. The unemployment rate is anticipated to be 9.8% in 2026, down from 8.3% in 2025. The country's economic landscape is marked by efforts to diversify its industries, with a significant focus on services and agriculture. The population is estimated to be 52.9 million in 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 77.7 years in 2023. The fertility rate stands at 1.6 births per woman, indicating a low population growth rate. The adult literacy rate is high at 95.3%, and health spending accounts for 8.1% of GDP in 2024. The Gini Index of 53.9 in 2023 highlights significant income inequality
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Financial Markets1 indicator · 2026 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 3,659.64 | 2026 | — | WB |
▶Fiscal & Monetary22 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 37.0% | 2024 | ▼ 8.3% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 16.1% | 2024 | ▼ 9.7% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 20.9% | 2024 | ▼ 7.2% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $67.43B | 2024 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $87.64B | 2024 | ▲ 6.1% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $49.56B | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $64.11B | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.3% | 2024 | ▼ 28.7% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2024 | ▲ 211.0% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $13.68B | 2024 | ▼ 18.5% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $11.87B | 2024 | ▲ 17.4% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 2.8% | 2024 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 9.0% | 2024 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -1.6% | 2024 | ▲ 27.4% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-6.88B | 2024 | ▲ 16.9% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 49.2% | 2024 | ▼ 10.5% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $201.76B | 2024 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 8.2% | 2024 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $102.81B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $5.96B | 2024 | ▼ 31.1% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.3% | 2023 | ▼ 48.8% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.03B | 2023 | ▼ 45.3% | WB |
▶Finance11 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 39.5% | 2024 | ▼ 5.1% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 17.3% | 2024 | ▼ 19.8% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $72.64B | 2024 | ▼ 8.3% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 1.2% | 2024 | ▲ 6.1% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 60 | 2024 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.7% | 2023 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.5% | 2023 | ▲ 40.7% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 57.1% | 2024 | ▼ 4.4% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 51.0% | 2024 | ▼ 9.3% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 63.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 38.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 28 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 5.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 62.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 24.6% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 42.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 39 years | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 44.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 52.9M | 2024 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.1% | 2024 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 47 | 2023 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.1M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.1M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 78.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 41.5M | 2024 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 21.5% | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 77.7 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 75.0 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.6 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 13.5 | 2023 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.4 | 2023 | ▼ 8.2% | WB |
| Net Migration | 129,139 | 2025 | ▼ 8.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 20.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 69.9% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 9.8% | 2024 | ▲ 4.3% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 43.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 14.0% | 2024 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 29.0% | 2024 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 122.7 | 2023 | ▼ 13.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 66.2 | 2023 | ▼ 12.1% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 27.1M | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 63.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 75.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 8.3% | 2025 | ▼ 13.8% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 10.5% | 2025 | ▼ 11.8% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 6.7% | 2025 | ▼ 16.0% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 17.7% | 2025 | ▼ 9.1% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 14.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 20.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 65.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 63.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 43.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 54.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 22.2% | 2024 | ▲ 3.1% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 2.7% | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 41.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 58.1% | 2025 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 45.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 23.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
▶Education19 indicators · 2018–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 95.3% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 95.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 95.0% | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.0% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 104.8% | 2022 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 101.6% | 2022 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 59.3% | 2022 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 97.1% | 2022 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 83.0% | 2022 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 289,295 | 2022 | ▲ 5.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 131,157 | 2022 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 180,781 | 2022 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 190,940 | 2022 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 23 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 26 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 32.7% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 91.3 | 2021 | ▼ 6.1% | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 38.1% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 23.3% | 2018 | — | WB |
▶Health39 indicators · 2016–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 1.8 | 2024 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 95 | 2024 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 863 | 2023 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,553 | 2023 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 75.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 29.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 98.7% | 2023 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 91.8% | 2023 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 14.2 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 52.8% | 2023 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 585,441 | 2023 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 2.3% | 2023 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 26.4% | 2024 | ▲ 58.1% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 41.1% | 2024 | ▲ 140.4% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 97.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 96.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 36.5% | 2023 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 4,333 | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 110.6 | 2022 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 111.6 | 2022 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 110.3 | 2022 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 1.2M | 2023 | ▲ 11.0% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 193,985 | 2023 | ▼ 66.5% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 372.9 | 2023 | ▼ 8.0% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 3.9% | 2023 | ▼ 4.9% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.1% | 2022 | ▲ 3.1% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 5.0M | 2023 | ▲ 9.4% | WB |
▶Technology12 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 77.3% | 2023 | ▲ 6.2% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 167 | 2023 | ▲ 6.9% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 17 | 2023 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 1,126.2 | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.29% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 432 | 2021 | ▲ 17.1% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 1,855 | 2021 | ▲ 5.9% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 9,683 | 2022 | ▼ 6.0% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $956.0M | 2024 | ▲ 9.5% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 11.3% | 2024 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $2.05B | 2024 | ▲ 16.1% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 486 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure6 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 42.4M | 2023 | ▲ 7.2% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 1,936.5 | 2023 | ▲ 11.9% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 4.5M | 2022 | ▼ 8.6% | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.90 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 4.1% | 2023 | ▲ 24.1% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 29.4% | 2024 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 51.9% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 57.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 111.0% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 59.5 | 2023 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 113.55 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.04 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.97 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.31 | 2023 | ▲ 14.6% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.08 | 2023 | ▼ 650.0% | WB |
| Political Stability | -0.72 | 2023 | ▼ 13.9% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.1 | 2023 | ▼ 28.1% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.46 | 2023 | ▼ 7.1% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.21 | 2023 | ▲ 21.7% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 44.8% | 2023 | ▲ 8.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 48.1% | 2023 | ▼ 8.9% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 35.8% | 2023 | ▼ 7.3% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 19.0% | 2023 | ▼ 19.6% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2024 | ▲ 13.3% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $15.10B | 2024 | ▲ 40.0% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 428,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.7% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.1% | 2024 | ▲ 19.6% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 24.9 | 2023 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 7.7% | 2023 | ▼ 17.2% | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 13.9% | 2023 | ▼ 12.0% | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 37.6% | 2023 | ▼ 6.5% | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 31.8% | 2024 | ▼ 8.1% | WB |
| Gini Index | 53.9 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 42.7% | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 1.1% | 2023 | ▲ 10.0% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 58.7% | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 3.4% | 2023 | ▲ 6.2% | WB |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | -2.6% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 14.56 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 3.0% | 2023 | ▼ 16.7% | WB |
▶Social Protection8 indicators · 2020–2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 10.6% | 2022 | ▲ 1.8% | — |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 31.4% | 2022 | ▼ 2.7% | — |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 0.1% | 2022 | ▲ 57.7% | — |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 41.0% | 2022 | ▼ 1.1% | — |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.60 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.61 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.59 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.6 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.4M | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 1.3M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.96B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $1.58B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 5.1% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $364.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 11.8M | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 28.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 44.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 9.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 | ▼ 186.4% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 74.3% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 18.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WHO |
