Montenegro
MNEEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeCapital: PodgoricaEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
72/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$10.23B
2026▲ 10.8%
Population
623,129
2025▼ 0.1%
GDP per Capita
$16,377
2026▲ 10.8%
Life Expectancy
77.9 years
2024▲ 0.4%
Montenegro in world space2000–2024
192 countries · log scale on X world Montenegro· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Montenegro
Montenegro's GDP is $10.23B (2026), with a population of 623,129, and GDP per capita of $16,377. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.8%, inflation at 3.2%, government debt at 62.4% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.9 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
▶Economy31 indicators · 2021–2026 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary13 indicators · 2025–2026 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.2% | 2026 | ▼ 17.9% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 62.4% | 2026 | ▼ 7.0% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -4.0% | 2026 | ▼ 11.1% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -19.4% | 2026 | ▲ 5.4% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.9% | 2025 | ▲ 16.9% | WB |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 2.2% | 2025 | ▲ 30.4% | WB |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 6.3% | 2025 | ▼ 4.2% | WB |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 0.3% | 2025 | ▲ 8.3% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $2.20B | 2025 | ▲ 26.1% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 3.9 | 2025 | ▲ 13.7% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.89 | 2025 | ▼ 4.0% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.37 | 2025 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 58.4% | 2025 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 105.8% | 2025 | ▼ 3.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 40.1% | 2025 | ▼ 8.4% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 65.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $3.70B | 2025 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $6.07B | 2025 | ▲ 10.8% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $646.0M | 2025 | ▼ 2.7% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $5.06B | 2025 | ▲ 14.9% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 7.3% | 2025 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $676.2M | 2025 | ▲ 12.8% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $897.1M | 2025 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 9.7% | 2025 | ▼ 6.0% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 14.5% | 2024 | ▲ 80.9% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -20.4% | 2025 | ▼ 20.1% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.88B | 2025 | ▼ 34.0% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 108.6% | 2024 | ▼ 4.7% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $8.74B | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 15.0% | 2024 | ▲ 43.1% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $4.12B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $129.0M | 2024 | ▼ 25.6% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2023 | ▼ 26.3% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $92.4M | 2023 | ▼ 10.9% | WB |
▶Finance11 indicators · 2012–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 45.3% | 2024 | ▲ 6.8% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 93.0% | 2012 | ▲ 19.5% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $3.79B | 2012 | ▲ 7.9% | WB |
| Stocks Traded, Total Value (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2012 | ▼ 37.1% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 112 | 2012 | ▼ 23.3% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 9.9% | 2025 | ▲ 12.1% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.0% | 2025 | ▼ 25.6% | WB |
| Financial Institution or Mobile-Money Account Ownership (Age 15+, %) | 75.4% | 2024 | ▲ 10.3% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 73.4% | 2024 | ▲ 8.6% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 77.6% | 2024 | ▲ 12.1% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 26.9% | 2023 | ▲ 70.5% | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 191 | 2023 | ▲ 287.1% | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 4.7% | 2023 | ▼ 72.7% | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 24.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Firms with a Female Top Manager (%) | 13.5% | 2023 | ▼ 10.2% | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 25.6% | 2023 | ▲ 61.6% | WB |
| Time to Obtain an Operating License (days) | 13.4 | 2023 | ▲ 123.3% | WB |
| Firms Competing with Unregistered Firms (%) | 44.3% | 2023 | ▼ 22.9% | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 623,129 | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2025 | ▼ 9803.2% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 46 | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 13,888 | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 13,450 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 65.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 408,826 | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 34.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 77.9 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 75.5 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.4 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.8 | 2024 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 11.2 | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 10.2 | 2024 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Net Migration | -9,279 | 2025 | ▼ 450.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 17.9% | 2025 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 63.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 18.3% | 2025 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 56.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 28.7% | 2025 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 28.0% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 132.4 | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 66.9 | 2024 | ▼ 3.0% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 296,618 | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 13.6% | 2025 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 14.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 13.0% | 2025 | ▲ 5.4% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 24.4% | 2025 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 4.2% | 2025 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 18.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 77.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation, Age 15+ (National Estimate, %) | 63.7% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 14.3% | 2025 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 82.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 7.6% | 2024 | ▲ 14.7% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 50.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 17.4% | 2025 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 14.2% | 2024 | ▼ 19.2% | WB |
▶Education12 indicators · 2016–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 98.5% | 2018 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 97.9% | 2018 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 99.2% | 2018 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 97.4% | 2018 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 106.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 93.9% | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 55.2% | 2023 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 106.7% | 2023 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 97.0% | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 80 | 2023 | ▲ 25.0% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 339 | 2016 | ▲ 474.6% | WB |
| Persistence to Last Primary Grade (% of Cohort) | 99.5% | 2021 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
▶Health49 indicators · 2018–2025 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,722 | 2023 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 4,564 | 2023 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 61.8% | 2021 | ▲ 18.3% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 39.6% | 2021 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 61.4% | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 18.5 | 2023 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 61.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 8,270 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 0.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas (%) | 16.3% | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 5.3% | 2025 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.3% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
| Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO) | 14.622954225 | 2023 | — | WHO |
| Air Pollution Mortality (household + ambient, age-standardized) | 82.255 | 2021 | — | WHO |
▶Agriculture10 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 19.6% | 2023 | ▲ 3.7% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,315 | 2023 | ▲ 3.1% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.6 | 2022 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 89.5 | 2022 | ▼ 7.6% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 108 | 2022 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2,065 | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 854 | 2024 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 251.4 | 2023 | ▲ 31.6% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 6,846 | 2023 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2012–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 88.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 222 | 2024 | ▲ 7.0% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 32.3 | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 6,424.8 | 2024 | ▲ 189.2% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.36% | 2019 | ▼ 27.9% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 5 | 2020 | ▼ 68.8% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 41 | 2012 | ▼ 50.6% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 255 | 2023 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $33.5M | 2024 | ▲ 120.5% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 6.3% | 2025 | ▼ 16.1% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $193.6M | 2025 | ▼ 11.6% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 1 | 2020 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 764 | 2019 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 379,068 | 2023 | ▲ 19.1% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2021 | ▼ 78.9% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 17,263 | 2024 | ▼ 50.8% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 250 | 2019 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Rail Passengers Carried (million passenger-km) | 28 | 2020 | ▼ 58.2% | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 130 | 2019 | ▲ 15.5% | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.80 | 2022 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 27.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 57.0% | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 88.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Gross Intake to First Primary Grade, Female (%) | 88.7% | 2018 | ▼ 13.5% | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 8.7 | 2024 | ▼ 7.1% | WB |
| Gross Intake to First Primary Grade, Total (%) | 100.3% | 2018 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.02 | 2021 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2021 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.08 | 2023 | ▲ 33.2% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.25 | 2023 | ▲ 999.2% | WB |
| Political Stability | 0.07 | 2023 | ▲ 149.2% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.37 | 2023 | ▼ 31.1% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.04 | 2023 | ▲ 66.6% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.34 | 2023 | ▲ 24.3% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 51.9% | 2023 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 59.9% | 2023 | ▲ 16.5% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 52.4% | 2023 | ▲ 7.8% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 48.8% | 2023 | ▲ 12.5% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.8% | 2024 | ▲ 20.7% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $150.0M | 2024 | ▲ 31.3% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 12,000 | 2020 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 4.7% | 2020 | ▲ 8.4% | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.2% | 2024 | ▲ 11.3% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.8 | 2023 | ▼ 69.7% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $3.00/day (2021 PPP, %) | 2.5% | 2021 | ▲ 13.6% | WB |
| Poverty at $4.20/day (2021 PPP, %) | 4.0% | 2021 | ▼ 18.4% | WB |
| Poverty at $8.30/day (2021 PPP, %) | 14.5% | 2021 | ▼ 17.6% | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 20.0% | 2023 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Gini Index | 34.3 | 2021 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.7% | 2021 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.1% | 2021 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 40.4% | 2021 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.2% | 2021 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Growth in Survey Mean Income or Consumption, Total Population (%) | 1.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Income or Consumption (2021 PPP $/person/day) | 20.64 | 2021 | ▲ 6.7% | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $3.00/day (2021 PPP, %) | 1.2% | 2021 | ▲ 20.0% | WB |
▶Social Protection7 indicators · 2014–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 47.9% | 2014 | ▲ 5.3% | — |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 8.1% | 2014 | ▼ 22.4% | — |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 56.4% | 2014 | ▼ 0.1% | — |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.63 | 2020 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.64 | 2020 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.63 | 2020 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.9 years | 2020 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 351,000 | 2020 | ▼ 86.0% | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $180.0M | 2020 | ▼ 85.9% | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $38.0M | 2020 | ▼ 47.2% | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 14.4% | 2020 | ▼ 72.6% | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $14.0M | 2020 | ▼ 73.1% | WB |
▶Urban Development5 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.0% | 2025 | ▼ 64.0% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 8.8% | 2022 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.3% | 2025 | ▼ 27.6% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 85.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 50.9% | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WHO |
