Montenegro
Capital: PodgoricaRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: Upper middle income
Montenegro's GDP is $10.23B (2026), with a population of 623,525, and GDP per capita of $16,380. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.2%, inflation at 2.3%, government debt at 61.6% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.6 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Montenegro's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.3% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 61.6% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -17.5% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.3% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 6.6% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $1.74B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 3.5 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 0.92 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.36 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 56.8% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 109.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 43.7% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 66.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $3.62B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $5.47B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $664.0M | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $4.40B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 7.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.8% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $599.4M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $855.2M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 10.3% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 14.5% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -17.0% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.40B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 108.6% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $8.74B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 15.0% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $4.12B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $129.0M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $92.4M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 45.3% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 8.6% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 5.8% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 75.4% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 73.4% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 77.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 26.9% | 2023 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 191 | 2023 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 4.7% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 24.0% | 2023 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 13.5% | 2023 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 25.6% | 2023 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 13 years | 2023 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 44.3% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 623,525 | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.0% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 46 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 13,888 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 13,450 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 65.5% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 408,672 | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 34.5% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 77.6 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 75.1 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.2 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.7 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 11.2 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 10.1 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -9,279 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 18.1% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 64.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 17.8% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 56.1% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 27.8% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 28.3% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 135.1 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 68.9 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 292,258 | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.0% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.2% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.4% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 13.6% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 14.2% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 13.0% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 24.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 4.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 18.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 77.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 64.0% | 2023 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 14.3% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 82.6% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 4.2% | 2023 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.1% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.6% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 50.1% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 17.4% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 17.6% | 2023 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 106.1% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 93.9% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 55.2% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 106.7% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 97.0% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 80 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.5 | 2021 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,722 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 4,564 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 61.8% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 39.6% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 61.4% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 18 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 61.5% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 8,270 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 0.7% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 16.1% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 5.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 97.8% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 19.6% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,315 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.6 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 89.5 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 108 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 2,065 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 816 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 251.4 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 6,846 | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 88.9% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 207 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 32 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 6,424.8 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.36% | 2019 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 5 | 2020 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 295 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $33.5M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 7.5% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $218.9M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 1 | 2020 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 764 | 2019 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 379,068 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2021 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 38,352 | 2021 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 250 | 2019 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 28 | 2020 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 130 | 2019 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.80 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 27.2% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 57.8% | 2023 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 88.4% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 88.7% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 9.4 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 100.34 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.02 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.00 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.08 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.25 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.07 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.37 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.04 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.34 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 51.9% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 59.9% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 52.4% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 48.8% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $150.0M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 12,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 4.7% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.8 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 2.5% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 4.0% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 14.5% | 2021 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 20.0% | 2023 |
| Gini Index | 34.3 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.7% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.1% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 40.4% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.2% | 2021 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 1.3% | 2021 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 20.64 | 2021 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 1.2% | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.63 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.64 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.63 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.9 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 351,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $180.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $38.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 14.4% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $14.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.1% | 2024 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 8.8% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 85.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 50.9% | 2024 |
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