Moldova
Capital: ChisinauRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: Upper middle income
Moldova's GDP is $21.02B (2026), with a population of 2.4M, and GDP per capita of $8,984. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.2%, inflation at 5.5%, unemployment at 3.5%, government debt at 39.2% of GDP, life expectancy of 71.2 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Moldova's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 5.5% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 39.2% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -4.4% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -20.4% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.5% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 4.7% | 2024 |
| Real Interest Rate (%) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 8.9% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 3.3% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 34.3% | 2023 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 29.4% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 34.5% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 18.6% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 44.4% | 2023 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 3.0% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 12.4% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.7% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $5.48B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 5.7 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 17.79 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 7.24 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 52.4% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 88.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 31.4% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 57.3% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $5.72B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $10.42B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $3.56B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $9.06B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.5% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $458.4M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $1.92B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 10.5% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 2.9% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -16.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-3.01B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 57.1% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $10.49B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 6.2% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $2.45B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $1.36B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 6.2% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.05B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 32.0% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 29.3% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 13.1% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 5.6% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 55.5% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 54.5% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 56.7% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 27.0% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 219 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 6.8% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 39.4% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 21.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 31.3% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 11 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 36.5% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 2.4M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -2.3% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 85 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 33,850 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 32,930 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 43.5% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 1.0M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 56.5% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 71.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 66.6 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 75.5 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.7 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 10.8 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 13.6 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -29,766 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 19.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 64.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 16.2% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 56.3% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 25.3% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 30.9% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 276.8 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 115.1 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 1.4M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.3% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.3% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 72.2% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 1.5% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 1.2% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 1.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 4.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 50.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 12.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 36.9% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 72.2% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 58.6% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 41.2% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 12.7% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 0.2% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 55.4% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 71.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 58.8% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 11.5% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 6.6% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 16.0% | 2024 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 107.6% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 99.3% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 74.7% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 108.1% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 104.1% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 588 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 7,408 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 19,388 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 18 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 10 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 23.3% | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 95.5 | 2023 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 36.0% | 2018 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 11.9% | 2018 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 3.4 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 8 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 1,297 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 2,412 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 6.5% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 21.4% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 98.3% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 14.8 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 11.7% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 3,865 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 56.8% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 11.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 92.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 86.9% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 74.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,434 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 89.7 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 93 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 76.2 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 925,199 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 0 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 51.1 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 8.7% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 52.2% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 3.2M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 80.2% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 131 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 27.4 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 13,318 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.22% | 2023 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 64 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 12 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 284 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $30.7M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 26.7% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $730.4M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 654 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 717 | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 827,604 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0.4 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 818 | 2019 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 1,149 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 23 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 665 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.50 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 4.7% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 40.8% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 72.2% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 40.5% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 91.7% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 23 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 92.78 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.28 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.16 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.68 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.11 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.15 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.24 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 46.7% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 44.3% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 47.2% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 20.4% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $110.7M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 6,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.4% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 1.6% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 2.5 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.8% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 20.4% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 31.6% | 2023 |
| Gini Index | 26.8 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 22.8% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 4.3% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 37.0% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 9.9% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | -1.5% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 13.53 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.58 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.56 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.3 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 29,000 | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 75,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $354.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $303.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 11.0% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $38.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | -1.1% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 484,352 | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 46.8% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 6.5% | 2018 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -3.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 75.8% | 2024 |
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