Ethiopia
Capital: Addis AbabaRegion: Sub-Saharan Africa Income: Not classified
Ethiopia's GDP is $125.74B (2026), with a population of 132.1M, and GDP per capita of $1,124. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 7.1%, inflation at 9.4%, government debt at 41.1% of GDP, life expectancy of 67.3 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Ethiopia's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 9.4% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 41.1% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -1.7% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.6% | 2026 |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 26.3% | 2026 |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 23.8% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 21.0% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 4.1% | 2024 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 6.1% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 32.1% | 2024 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 18.5% | 2024 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 21.5% | 2024 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.5% | 2024 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $3.78B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 1.8 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 82.6 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 27.14 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 17.4% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 5.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 11.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $8.29B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $17.76B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $4.50B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $21.49B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $4.02B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $7.14B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 4.8% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 3.8% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.5% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-3.79B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 24.3% | 2022 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $36.55B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $27.35B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $2.25B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 4.0% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $5.40B | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.1% | 2021 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 5.4% | 2021 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 48.8% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 41.6% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 56.5% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 132.1M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.6% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 114 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.1M | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.1M | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 23.6% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 31.2M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 76.4% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 67.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 64.1 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 70.7 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 4 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 31.9 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 24,054 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 39.1% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 57.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 73.3% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 5.6% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 67.7% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 246.1 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 148.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 56.8M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 68.5% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.5% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 78.6% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.3% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.5% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.4% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 5.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 60.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 6.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 33.4% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 68.3% | 2021 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 84.1% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 15.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 61.4% | 2021 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 0.2% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 43.1% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 66.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 84.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 17.5% | 2021 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 16.7% | 2024 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 60.5% | 2022 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 50.0% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 71.0% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 84.7% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 84.4% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 33.9% | 2015 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 54.4% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 21.4% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 4.2M | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 2.3M | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 338,716 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 272,545 | 2024 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 27.5% | 2015 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 50.5 | 2021 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 18.1% | 2015 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 47.9% | 2015 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.1 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 19 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 378 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 92 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 95.4% | 2020 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 90.6% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 55.4% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 7.1% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 27.3 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 14.9% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 168,495 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 14.5% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 17.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 55.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 10.4% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 34.1% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,864 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.3 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.5 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.1 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 10.5M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 131,400 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 45.3 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 19.7% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.5% | 2020 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 8.6% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 30.1M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 16.7% | 2021 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 57 | 2022 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.5 | 2022 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 23.7 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 6 | 2020 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 54 | 2020 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 7,156 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $9.9M | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $42.6M | 2024 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 15.3M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 4,015.5 | 2023 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 754 | 2018 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.38 | 2016 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 41.3% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 57.6% | 2021 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 13.3% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 129.2% | 2015 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 69.9 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 141.52 | 2015 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.96 | 2015 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.91 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.47 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.77 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -1.97 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.02 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.67 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.06 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 37.3% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 24.1% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 26.9% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 6.2% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $921.7M | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 138,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.3% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 6.9% | 2024 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 38.6% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 63.7% | 2021 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 93.5% | 2021 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 33.1% | 2021 |
| Gini Index | 31.1 | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.8% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.5% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 39.7% | 2021 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.3% | 2021 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | -2.4% | 2021 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 4.16 | 2021 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 10.8% | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.38 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.38 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.38 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 4.3 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 518,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $2.28B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $322.5M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 29.6% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.25B | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 5.0% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 6.0M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 18.2% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 4.4% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 64.3% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 13.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 8.1% | 2024 |
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