Cuba
Capital: HavanaRegion: Latin America & Caribbean Income: Upper middle income
with a population of 11.0M. Key indicators include life expectancy of 78.1 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Cuba's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 23.8% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 73.4% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 1.2% | 2024 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 24.8% | 2024 |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 90.9% | 2024 |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 24.2% | 2024 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 32.2% | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 10.7% | 2024 |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 16.2% | 2022 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $7,891 | 2019 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -39.9% | 2024 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2020 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.24% | 2020 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.22% | 2020 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.02% | 2020 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2020 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 0.07% | 2020 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $24.71B | 2020 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 124.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 42.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 82.4% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $8.77B | 2020 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $8.07B | 2020 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $1.61B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $8.76B | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 7.9% | 2022 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.5% | 2019 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $167.1M | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 11.0M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.4% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 106 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 109,880 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 103,800 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 77.2% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 8.5M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 22.8% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 78.1 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 75.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.5 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.4 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.7 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 10.1 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -22,244 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 15.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 68.1% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 16.6% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 46.8% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 24.3% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.4% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 126.7 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 73.2 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 4.9M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.2% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 40.0% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.1% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 1.7% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 1.9% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 1.7% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 4.3% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 15.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 16.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 67.6% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 19.3% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 75.1% | 2025 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 5.6% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 39.1% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 51.3% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 24.9% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 8.4% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 17.0% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 98.1% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 91.7% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 43.1% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 91.1% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 89.2% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 33,328 | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 14,674 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 82,575 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 78,576 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 9 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 10 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 29.0% | 2010 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 89.0 | 2023 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 29.1% | 2010 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 25.1% | 2007 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 1.9 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 21 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 816 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,102 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 5.2% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 20.9% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 94.9% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 21.2 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 31.2% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 32,420 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 28.0% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 6.9% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 95.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 94.8% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 61.7% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,070 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 71.4 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 65.8 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 87.4 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 142,254 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 13,416 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 3.8 | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 18.3% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 294,461 | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 71.3% | 2023 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 70 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 3 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 192.5 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.36% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 21 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 86 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,238 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $13.3M | 2022 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 14 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 1,968 | 2023 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 136,998 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 5.2 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 261,080 | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 5,076 | 2007 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 1,351 | 2007 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.20 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 83.5% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 55.7% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 81.1% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 104.9% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 48.7 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 104.54 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.03 | 2021 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.98 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.06 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.48 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.38 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.5 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.45 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.25 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 52.4% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 33.5% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 36.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 56.9% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Armed Forces Personnel | 76,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.5% | 2020 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 4.5 | 2019 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.1M | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 271,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.15B | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $15.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | -0.3% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 2.2M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 25.5% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 19.7% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 11.0% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 45.9% | 2024 |
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