Sao Tome and Principe
Capital: Sao TomeRegion: Sub-Saharan Africa Income: Lower middle income
GDP
$1.13B
2026
Population
235,536
2024
GDP per Capita
$5K
2026
Life Expectancy
69.7 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $1.13B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 4.7% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $5K | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $1.65B | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $7K | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.00% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $821.5M | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $3K | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $6K | 2024 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 80.3% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 12.5% | 2024 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 17.7% | 2024 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $42K | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $2K | 2021 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 1.9% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 1.88% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $23.3M | 2024 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 7.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 45.4% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -3.6% | 2026 |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 19.8% | 2026 |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 16.2% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 14.4% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 17.8% | 2023 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 2.3% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $46.2M | 2023 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 2.6 | 2023 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 22.64 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 24.0% | 2023 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $29.0M | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $153.0M | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | -2.0% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $-16.7M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $80.1M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 9.7% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 29.3% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 5.0% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $41.5M | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 42.7% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $326.4M | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $192.1M | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $63.9M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 12.5% | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 7.8% | 2023 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 235,536 | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.0% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 240 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 960 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 960 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 68.9% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 162,216 | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 31.1% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 69.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 66.2 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 73.7 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.6 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 28.2 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.6 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -650 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 37.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 58.3% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.9% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 71.6% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 274.8 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 146.3 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 35,075 | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 23.3% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 22.7% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 24.0% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 9.1% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 9.3% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 9.0% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 8.8% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 12.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 22.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 65.4% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 35.0% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 56.0% | 2025 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 9.0% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 49.4% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.0% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 18.1% | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 31 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 25 | 2016 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 5.8% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $171 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 16.7% | 2023 |
| Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 0.5 | 2022 |
| Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000) | 2.2 | 2022 |
| Hospital Beds (per 1,000) | 2.9 | 2019 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 13.9 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 12.5 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 15.3 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 31.0% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 57.6% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 11.4% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 87.0% | 2024 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 87.0% | 2024 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 87 | 2024 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Males (%) | 13.7% | 2022 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Females (%) | 2.0% | 2022 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 0.9 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 4.8 | 2020 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 6.1% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 42.5% | 2022 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 4.6% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 27.3 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 52.1% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 500 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 0.2% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 0.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 78.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 48.7% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 44.8% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,004 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 107.3 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 107.4 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 108.0 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 393 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 68.0 | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.9% | 2022 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 61.5% | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 2.5 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 42.5 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 14 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 4 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $71K | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.6% | 2024 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 38,767 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0.8 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 49,553 | 2019 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.65 | 2018 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 93.9% | 2021 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 14.5% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 55.6% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 92.3% | 2017 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 86.2 | 2023 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.36 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.90 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.94 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.25 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 63.2% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 17.9% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 25.5% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 60.2% | 2023 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 33,400 | 2018 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $71.9M | 2018 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 73.2% | 2018 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $300K | 2016 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 82.4% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 34.7% | 2024 |