Nepal
NPLSouth AsiaLower middle incomeCapital: KathmanduEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
72/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$53
2027▲ 8.7%
Population
29.7M
2024▼ 0.1%
GDP per Capita
$1,804
2027▲ 8.8%
Life Expectancy
70.4 years
2023▲ 0.4%
Nepal in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Nepal· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Nepal
Nepal's GDP is $49.11B (2026), with a population of 29.7M, and GDP per capita of $1,658. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 5.2%, inflation at 4.2%, government debt at 49.9% of GDP, life expectancy of 70.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in South Asia, the economy is classified as lower middle income. The capital, Kathmandu, serves as the financial and political hub. The GDP is projected to reach 49.112 billion USD in 2026, with a growth rate of 5.2%. The GDP per capita is expected to be 1657.9 USD in the same year. Inflation is anticipated to be 4.2% in 2026. Trade constitutes a significant portion of the economy, with trade to GDP ratio at 40.53% in 2024. Unemployment is projected to be 10.47% in 2025. The population is approximately 29.65 million as of 2024. Life expectancy stands at 70.35 years as of 2023. The society is marked by cultural richness and diversity, with numerous ethnic groups and languages. The social landscape is influenced by traditional values and a growing urban population, with Kathmandu being the most populous city.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary18 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 5.0% | 2027 | ▲ 19.0% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 49.6% | 2027 | ▼ 0.6% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -3.5% | 2027 | ▲ 5.4% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.4% | 2027 | ▼ 200.0% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 4.7% | 2024 | ▼ 34.2% | WB |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 39.9% | 2021 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 16.5% | 2023 | ▼ 16.8% | WB |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 19.4% | 2021 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 13.9% | 2023 | ▼ 20.2% | WB |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 38.0% | 2023 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 16.6% | 2023 | ▼ 16.6% | WB |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 26.7% | 2023 | ▲ 8.6% | WB |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 4.4% | 2023 | ▼ 16.9% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $12.46B | 2023 | ▲ 33.7% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 10.4 | 2023 | ▲ 46.3% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 133.73 | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 33.56 | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 126.2% | 2024 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
▶Trade14 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 40.5% | 2024 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 7.6% | 2024 | ▲ 8.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 32.9% | 2024 | ▼ 4.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $3.27B | 2024 | ▲ 13.7% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $14.12B | 2024 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $1.32B | 2024 | ▲ 14.9% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $12.32B | 2024 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▼ 27.3% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $56.9M | 2024 | ▼ 24.0% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $11.25B | 2024 | ▲ 4.6% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 26.2% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.6% | 2022 | ▼ 50.5% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.9% | 2024 | ▲ 59.7% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $1.68B | 2024 | ▲ 66.9% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 23.3% | 2024 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $10.15B | 2024 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.2% | 2024 | ▲ 9.5% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $5.65B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $744.4M | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.8% | 2023 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.17B | 2023 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
▶Finance7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 92.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.8% | 2023 | ▼ 7.2% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.8% | 2023 | ▲ 54.5% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 60.0% | 2024 | ▲ 11.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 59.8% | 2024 | ▲ 19.8% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 60.2% | 2024 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 33.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 20 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 3.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 14.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 10.3% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 14.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 3 years | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 37.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 29.7M | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.1% | 2024 | ▼ 109.4% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 207 | 2023 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 147,180 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 143,350 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 66.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 19.8M | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 33.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 70.4 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 68.8 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 71.8 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 19.3 | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.9 | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Net Migration | -364,699 | 2025 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 28.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 6.5% | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 53.7% | 2024 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 10.0% | 2024 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 43.7% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 180.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 139.2 | 2023 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
▶Labor18 indicators · 2017–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 8.4M | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 39.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 27.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 10.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 11.8% | 2025 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 9.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 20.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 22.9% | 2025 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 31.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 45.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 77.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 21.4% | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.6% | 2025 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 37.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 35.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 78.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 34.8% | 2017 | — | WB |
▶Education18 indicators · 2015–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.7% | 2024 | ▼ 6.8% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.8% | 2025 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 92.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 128.6% | 2025 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 90.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 21.3% | 2024 | ▲ 11.9% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 109.4% | 2025 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 98.2% | 2025 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 21,146 | 2025 | ▼ 63.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 19,465 | 2025 | — | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 157,456 | 2025 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 124,257 | 2025 | ▲ 11.8% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 20 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 28 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 53.8% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 73.5 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 33.3% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 10.8% | 2015 | — | WB |
▶Health42 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment15 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.5 | 2024 | ▲ 3.1% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 16 | 2024 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 520 | 2022 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 321 | 2022 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 83.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 73.7% | 2021 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 94.0% | 2023 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 42.7% | 2023 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 45.7 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 41.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 59,620 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 12.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 23.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 93.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 86.0% | 2024 | ▲ 4.2% | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 26.1% | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,344 | 2023 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 123.2 | 2022 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.7 | 2022 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 144.4 | 2022 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 3.3M | 2023 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 21,000 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 67.8 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 5.3% | 2023 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 32.3% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 4.8% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 11.2M | 2023 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
▶Technology11 indicators · 2017–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 55.8% | 2023 | ▲ 3.5% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 133 | 2022 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 4.8 | 2022 | ▲ 12.1% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 541.2 | 2024 | ▼ 15.8% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 20 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 43 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,699 | 2022 | ▼ 5.5% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $3.8M | 2022 | ▼ 40.7% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 7.1% | 2024 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $133.8M | 2024 | ▲ 10.5% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 15 | 2017 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure5 indicators · 2018–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 4.3M | 2023 | ▼ 3.4% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 16.9 | 2023 | ▼ 47.3% | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.51 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2019–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 33.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 9.2% | 2025 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 147.5% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 67.2 | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Women Who Believe Husband Can Beat Wife (%) | 18.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 146.62 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2022 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.92 | 2022 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.51 | 2023 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.81 | 2023 | ▲ 12.0% | WB |
| Political Stability | -0.23 | 2023 | ▲ 5.4% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.66 | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.46 | 2023 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.02 | 2023 | ▲ 48.2% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 34.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 21.7% | 2023 | ▲ 39.4% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 34.9% | 2023 | ▼ 8.6% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 39.3% | 2023 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.0% | 2024 | ▼ 8.6% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $426.5M | 2024 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 112,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.1% | 2024 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 2.1 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 2.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 9.1% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 52.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 20.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 30 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.2% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 39.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection2 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.50 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 7.2 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism6 indicators · 2017–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 230,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 1.2M | 2017 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $238.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $267.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 13.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $41.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▼ 33.8% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 1.7M | 2025 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 8.4% | 2025 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 5.6% | 2025 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 40.1% | 2022 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.8% | 2024 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 16.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 53.4% | 2024 | ▲ 4.4% | WHO |
