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World›Europe & Central Asia›Montenegro

Montenegro

MNEEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeCapital: Podgorica
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
72/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$11
2027▲ 5.1%
Population
623,525
2024▼ 0.0%
GDP per Capita
$17,211
2027▲ 5.1%
Life Expectancy
77.6 years
2023▲ 1.8%
Montenegro in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Montenegro· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Montenegro

Montenegro's GDP is $10.23B (2026), with a population of 623,525, and GDP per capita of $16,380. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.2%, inflation at 2.3%, government debt at 61.6% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.6 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

The economy of this European and Central Asian region is classified as upper middle income. The capital, Podgorica, serves as the financial hub. The projected GDP for 2026 is 10.229 billion, with a GDP per capita of 16,380.285. The economy is expected to grow by 3.2% in 2026, with an inflation rate of 2.3%. Trade is significant, with trade/GDP ratio at 109.944 in 2024. Unemployment is projected to be 13.572% in 2025. The population is approximately 623,525 as of 2024. Life expectancy stands at 77.588 years in 2023. The society benefits from a mix of traditional and modern influences, with a focus on tourism and cultural heritage. The social fabric is diverse, reflecting historical and geographical influences.

▶Economy29 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$112027▲ 5.1%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)3.0%2027▼ 6.3%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$17,2112027▲ 5.1%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$242027▲ 4.7%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$37,8182027▲ 4.7%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)0.01%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$8.25B2024▲ 6.9%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$12,2102024▲ 5.7%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$33,9702024▲ 5.6%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)12.2%2024▼ 4.5%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)63.8%2024▼ 0.3%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)3.5%2024▼ 7.3%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)17.6%2024▼ 1.3%WB
Household Consumption (% of GDP)78.9%2024▲ 5.2%WB
Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)25.9%2024▲ 1.7%WB
Gross Savings (% of GNI)8.8%2024▼ 38.3%WB
GDP Deflator (%)4.8%2024▼ 58.7%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$67,9182024▲ 3.6%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)3.3%2024▲ 15.1%WB
Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total)14.9%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$8,4042021▲ 24.1%WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)-22.4%2024▼ 22.4%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.14%2021▲ 56.5%WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.01%2021▼ 6.7%WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2021—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)0.6%2021▼ 11.9%WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.48%2021—WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$1.01B2024▲ 3.3%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary13 indicators · 2024–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)2.3%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)61.7%2027▲ 0.2%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-3.8%2027▼ 8.6%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-17.0%2027▲ 2.9%IMF
Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank)3.3%2024▼ 61.1%WB
Real Interest Rate (%)1.7%2024▲ 135.3%WB
Lending Interest Rate (%)6.6%2024▲ 4.0%WB
Deposit Interest Rate (%)0.2%2024▼ 6.9%WB
Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD)$1.74B2024▲ 10.7%WB
Total Reserves (months of imports)3.52024▲ 2.0%WB
Official Exchange Rate (per USD)0.922024▼ 0.0%WB
PPP Conversion Factor0.362024▲ 1.2%WB
Broad Money (% of GDP)56.8%2024▲ 1.6%WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)109.9%2024▼ 5.9%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)43.7%2024▼ 11.1%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)66.2%2024▼ 2.0%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$3.62B2024▼ 3.9%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$5.47B2024▲ 6.0%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$664.0M2024▼ 8.9%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$4.40B2024▲ 6.7%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)7.2%2024▲ 5.4%WB
FDI Outflows (% of GDP)0.8%2024▲ 9.3%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$599.4M2024▲ 14.0%WB
Personal Remittances Received (USD)$855.2M2024▲ 6.2%WB
Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP)10.3%2024▼ 1.8%WB
High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured)14.5%2024▲ 80.9%WB
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-17.0%2024▼ 52.4%WB
Current Account Balance (USD)$-1.40B2024▼ 64.9%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)108.6%2024▼ 4.7%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$8.74B2024▲ 0.9%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)15.0%2024▲ 43.2%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$4.12B2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$129.0M2024▼ 25.6%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)1.2%2023▼ 26.4%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$92.4M2023▼ 10.9%WB
▶Finance7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP)45.3%2024▲ 6.8%WB
Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%)8.6%2023▲ 7.8%WB
Bank Nonperforming Loans (%)5.8%2023▼ 8.7%WB
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)75.4%2024—WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)73.4%2024—WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)77.6%2024—WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)26.9%2023—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)1912023—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)4.7%2023—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)24.0%2023—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)13.5%2023—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)25.6%2023—WB
Average Firm Age (years)13 years2023—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)44.3%2023—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population623,5252024▼ 0.0%WB
Population Growth (%)-0.0%2024▲ 93.5%WB
Population Density (per km²)462023▼ 0.0%WB
Surface Area (sq km)13,8882023▲ 0.6%WB
Land Area (sq km)13,4502023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)65.5%2024▲ 0.1%WB
Urban Population (total)408,6722024▲ 0.1%WB
Rural Population (%)34.5%2024▼ 0.2%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth77.6 years2023▲ 1.8%WB
Life Expectancy, Male75.1 years2023▲ 1.9%WB
Life Expectancy, Female80.2 years2023▲ 1.8%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)1.72023▼ 3.3%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)11.22023▼ 0.9%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)10.12023▼ 10.6%WB
Net Migration-9,2792025▼ 450.4%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)18.1%2024▼ 1.1%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)64.0%2024▼ 0.2%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)17.8%2024▲ 2.1%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)56.1%2024▲ 0.7%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)27.8%2024▲ 2.4%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)28.3%2024▼ 0.9%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)135.12023▼ 5.9%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)68.92023▼ 6.3%WB
▶Labor20 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force292,2582025▼ 1.7%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)58.0%2025▼ 0.5%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)51.2%2025▼ 0.4%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)65.4%2025▼ 0.6%WB
Unemployment (%)13.6%2025▲ 2.8%WB
Female Unemployment (%)14.2%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Male Unemployment (%)13.0%2025▲ 5.4%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)24.4%2025▲ 2.0%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)4.2%2025▼ 3.5%WB
Employment in Industry (%)18.2%2025▼ 0.3%WB
Employment in Services (%)77.6%2025▲ 0.3%WB
Self-Employed (%)64.0%2023▲ 8.4%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)14.3%2025▼ 2.8%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)82.6%2025▲ 0.5%WB
Part-Time Employment (%)4.2%2023▲ 6.5%WB
Employers (% of total employment)3.1%2025▼ 0.4%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)46.6%2025▲ 0.1%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)50.1%2025▼ 0.9%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)17.4%2025▼ 2.4%WB
NEET Youth (% not in education/employment)17.6%2023▼ 12.5%WB
▶Education7 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Primary School Enrollment (%)106.1%2023▲ 0.5%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)93.9%2023▲ 1.9%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)55.2%2023▼ 3.9%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)106.7%2023▼ 3.5%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)97.0%2023▼ 1.8%WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary802023▲ 25.0%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)99.52021▲ 1.1%WB
▶Health38 indicators · 2018–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)9.7%2023▼ 5.3%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$1,1482023▲ 11.1%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)6.7%2023▼ 7.6%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)26.3%2023▲ 3.4%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)2.82023▼ 0.9%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)6.12023▼ 0.6%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)3.82022▼ 2.3%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)2.62023▼ 3.7%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)12023▲ 0.0%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)62023▼ 53.8%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)2.42023▼ 4.0%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)2.72023▼ 6.9%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)1.4%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)94.1%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)4.5%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)23.0%2024▼ 4.2%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)81.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
HIV Incidence (per 1,000)0.12024▲ 0.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)162024▼ 5.9%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)30.9%2022▼ 1.3%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)33.2%2022▼ 0.3%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)11.32021▼ 25.6%WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)10.32019—WHO
Maternal Deaths02023▼ 55.6%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)162024▼ 5.9%WHO
People Living with HIV5002024▲ 0.0%WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)81%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)23%2024▼ 4.2%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)61%2024▲ 45.2%WHO
Physicians (total)282024▲ 0.0%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel602024▼ 1.9%WHO
Dentists (total)3,5442024▼ 1.6%WHO
Pharmacists (total)2662024▲ 6.4%WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)2.2%2018—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)3.7%2018—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index702023▲ 1.4%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)572021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$1,1482023▲ 11.1%WHO
▶Energy & Environment14 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)1,7222023▲ 2.9%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)4,5642023▲ 5.0%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)61.8%2021▲ 18.3%WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)39.6%2021▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)61.4%2023▼ 0.8%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)182020—WB
Forest Area (%)61.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Forest Area (sq km)8,2702023▲ 0.0%WB
Arable Land (%)0.7%2023▲ 0.6%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)16.1%2024▲ 75.0%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)5.6%2024▲ 833.3%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)99.3%2024▼ 0.0%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)97.8%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
▶Agriculture10 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)19.6%2023▲ 3.7%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)3,3152023▲ 3.1%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)100.62022▼ 0.7%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)89.52022▼ 7.6%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)1082022▲ 3.6%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)2,0652023▲ 0.5%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)8162023▲ 0.8%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)251.42023▲ 31.6%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)2.5%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)6,8462023▲ 3.6%WB
▶Technology12 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Internet Users (%)88.9%2024▼ 1.0%WB
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)2072023▼ 0.0%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)322023▲ 0.4%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)6,424.82024▲ 189.2%WB
R&D Spending (% of GDP)0.36%2019—WB
Patent Applications, Residents52020—WB
Scientific Journal Articles2952022▼ 6.1%WB
High-Technology Exports (USD)$33.5M2024▲ 120.5%WB
ICT Service Exports (% of service exports)7.5%2024▲ 7.0%WB
ICT Service Exports (USD)$218.9M2024▲ 4.1%WB
Industrial Design Applications, Resident12020—WB
Researchers in R&D (per million)7642019—WB
▶Infrastructure9 indicators · 2019–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried379,0682023▲ 19.1%WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)02021—WB
Container Port Traffic (TEU)38,3522021—WB
Rail Lines (total km)2502019—WB
Railways, Passengers (million km)282020—WB
Railways, Goods (million ton-km)1302019—WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)2.802022—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)0.0%2021—WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)0.0%2021—WB
▶Gender8 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)27.2%2024▲ 29.4%WB
Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%)57.8%2023▲ 10.6%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)88.4%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Girls Out-of-School Rate (%)88.7%2018—WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)9.42023▼ 6.4%WB
Gender Parity Index, Primary100.342018—WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary1.022021▼ 0.1%WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education1.002021—WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption-0.082023▲ 33.2%WB
Government Effectiveness0.252023▲ 999.2%WB
Political Stability0.072023▲ 149.2%WB
Regulatory Quality0.372023▼ 31.1%WB
Rule of Law-0.042023▲ 66.6%WB
Voice & Accountability0.342023▲ 24.3%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)51.9%2023▲ 2.8%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)59.9%2023▲ 16.5%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)52.4%2023▲ 7.8%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)48.8%2023▲ 12.5%WB
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Military Spending (% of GDP)1.8%2024▲ 20.7%WB
Military Expenditure (USD)$150.0M2024▲ 31.3%WB
Armed Forces Personnel12,0002020—WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)4.7%2020—WB
Military Spending (% of govt expenditure)4.2%2024▲ 11.3%WB
Intentional Homicides (per 100,000)0.82023▼ 69.7%WB
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Poverty at $2.15/day (%)2.5%2021—WB
Poverty at $3.65/day (%)4.0%2021—WB
Poverty at $6.85/day (%)14.5%2021▼ 17.6%WB
Poverty Headcount, National (%)20.0%2023▼ 0.5%WB
Gini Index34.32021▼ 3.1%WB
Income Share, Top 10%24.7%2021▼ 2.8%WB
Income Share, Bottom 10%2.1%2021▲ 0.0%WB
Income Share, Top 20%40.4%2021▼ 2.4%WB
Income Share, Bottom 20%6.2%2021▲ 1.6%WB
Shared Prosperity Premium (%)1.3%2021—WB
Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day)20.642021—WB
Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%)1.2%2021▲ 20.0%WB
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Human Capital Index (0–1)0.632020—WB
Human Capital Index, Female0.642020—WB
Human Capital Index, Male0.632020—WB
Learning-Adjusted Years of School8.9 years2020—WB
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
International Tourism, Arrivals351,0002020—WB
Tourism Receipts (USD)$180.0M2020—WB
Tourism Expenditures (USD)$38.0M2020—WB
Tourism Receipts (% of total exports)14.4%2020—WB
International Tourism, Transport Services (USD)$14.0M2020—WB
▶Urban Development5 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)0.1%2024▲ 5.1%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)8.8%2022—WB
Rural Population Growth (%)-0.2%2024▲ 7.7%WB
Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%)85.5%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%)50.9%2024▲ 2.2%WHO

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