Ethiopia
ETHSub-Saharan Africa Low incomeCapital: Addis AbabaEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
75/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$121.53B
2026▲ 11.4%
Population
135.5M
2025▲ 2.6%
GDP per Capita
$1,081
2026▲ 9.6%
Life Expectancy
67.6 years
2024▲ 0.4%
Ethiopia in world space2000–2024
192 countries · log scale on X world Ethiopia· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Ethiopia
Ethiopia's GDP is $121.53B (2026), with a population of 135.5M, and GDP per capita of $1,081. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 9.2%, inflation at 11.8%, government debt at 40.4% of GDP, life expectancy of 67.6 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
▶Economy32 indicators · 2021–2026 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary18 indicators · 2023–2026 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 11.8% | 2026 | ▼ 10.6% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 40.4% | 2026 | ▼ 6.3% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -1.8% | 2026 | ▼ 50.0% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.4% | 2026 | ▼ 166.7% | IMF |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 27.2% | 2026 | ▲ 35.1% | IMF |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 24.9% | 2026 | ▲ 29.1% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 13.2% | 2025 | ▼ 37.1% | WB |
| Government Revenue Excluding Grants (% of GDP) | 4.1% | 2024 | ▼ 9.6% | WB |
| Government Expense (% of GDP) | 6.1% | 2023 | ▼ 16.2% | WB |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2024 | ▼ 13.6% | WB |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 32.1% | 2024 | ▲ 8.1% | WB |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 18.5% | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 21.5% | 2024 | ▼ 6.0% | WB |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 1.5% | 2024 | ▼ 12.6% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $3.78B | 2024 | ▲ 86.6% | WB |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 1.8 | 2024 | ▲ 70.8% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 82.6 | 2024 | ▲ 51.3% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 30.77 | 2025 | ▲ 13.5% | WB |
▶Trade14 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 33.5% | 2025 | ▲ 92.3% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 13.3% | 2025 | ▲ 139.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 20.2% | 2025 | ▲ 70.1% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $16.79B | 2025 | ▲ 102.4% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $25.49B | 2025 | ▲ 43.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $7.58B | 2025 | ▲ 38.6% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $23.01B | 2025 | ▲ 23.7% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 | ▲ 11.8% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $4.02B | 2024 | ▲ 23.3% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $7.14B | 2024 | ▲ 1223.4% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 4.8% | 2024 | ▲ 1100.8% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 3.8% | 2023 | ▲ 16.8% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.5% | 2024 | ▲ 28.1% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-3.79B | 2024 | ▲ 20.8% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 24.3% | 2022 | ▼ 16.1% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $36.55B | 2024 | ▲ 9.8% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 0.9% | 2024 | ▼ 21.5% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $27.35B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $2.25B | 2024 | ▲ 93.4% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 4.0% | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $5.40B | 2023 | ▲ 9.6% | WB |
▶Finance6 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 5.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Financial Institution or Mobile-Money Account Ownership (Age 15+, %) | 48.8% | 2024 | ▲ 5.1% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 41.6% | 2024 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 56.5% | 2024 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 20.7% | 2025 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 44 | 2025 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 11.1% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 32.3% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms with a Female Top Manager (%) | 16.4% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 8.8% | 2025 | — | WB |
| Time to Obtain an Operating License (days) | 6.9 | 2025 | — | WB |
| Firms Competing with Unregistered Firms (%) | 24.5% | 2025 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 135.5M | 2025 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.6% | 2025 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 114 | 2023 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.1M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.1M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 24.1% | 2025 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 32.7M | 2025 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 75.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 67.6 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 64.4 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 71.0 years | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.9 | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 31.5 | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.9 | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Net Migration | 24,054 | 2025 | ▼ 20.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 38.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 57.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.3% | 2025 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 72.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 5.7% | 2025 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 66.9% | 2025 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 242.8 | 2024 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 145.9 | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2021–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 56.8M | 2025 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 68.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 78.6% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.3% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.5% | 2025 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.4% | 2025 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 5.4% | 2025 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 60.1% | 2025 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 6.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 33.4% | 2025 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation, Age 15+ (National Estimate, %) | 68.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 84.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 15.7% | 2025 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 61.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 0.2% | 2025 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 43.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 66.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 84.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 17.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Education18 indicators · 2015–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.3% | 2024 | ▼ 21.5% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 16.7% | 2024 | ▼ 8.9% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 60.5% | 2022 | ▲ 10.2% | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 50.0% | 2022 | ▲ 13.2% | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 71.0% | 2022 | ▲ 7.7% | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 84.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 84.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 33.9% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 54.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 21.4% | 2023 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 4.2M | 2024 | ▼ 4.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 2.3M | 2024 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 338,716 | 2024 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 272,545 | 2024 | ▲ 111.2% | WB |
| Primary Education Spending (% of Education Budget) | 27.5% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Persistence to Last Primary Grade (% of Cohort) | 50.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Secondary Education Spending (% of Education Budget) | 18.1% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Tertiary Education Spending (% of Education Budget) | 47.9% | 2015 | — | WB |
▶Health48 indicators · 2019–2025 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment17 indicators · 2020–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions per Capita, Excluding LULUCF (t CO2e) | 0.1 | 2024 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions, Excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e) | 19 | 2024 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 382 | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 113 | 2023 | ▲ 17.7% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 95.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 90.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 56.6% | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 7.1% | 2023 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 23.8 | 2023 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 14.9% | 2023 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 168,495 | 2023 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 14.5% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas (%) | 17.0% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 55.6% | 2024 | ▲ 2.7% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 10.4% | 2024 | ▲ 3.4% | WHO |
| Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO) | 22.281333752 | 2023 | — | WHO |
| Air Pollution Mortality (household + ambient, age-standardized) | 120.639 | 2021 | — | WHO |
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 34.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,632 | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.3 | 2022 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.5 | 2022 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.1 | 2022 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 12.1M | 2024 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 255,001 | 2024 | ▲ 94.1% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 45.3 | 2023 | ▲ 19.9% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 19.7% | 2023 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.5% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 8.6% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 31.8M | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
▶Technology10 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 21.9% | 2024 | ▲ 7.9% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 65 | 2024 | ▲ 8.7% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.6 | 2024 | ▲ 11.0% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 23.7 | 2024 | ▲ 35.9% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 6 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 54 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 6,728 | 2023 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $9.9M | 2023 | ▲ 9.3% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.6% | 2024 | ▼ 73.6% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $42.6M | 2024 | ▼ 72.9% | WB |
▶Infrastructure6 indicators · 2016–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 15.3M | 2023 | ▲ 41.8% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 4,015.5 | 2023 | ▲ 7.0% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 754 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.38 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2023 | ▼ 15.5% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender8 indicators · 2015–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 41.9% | 2025 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 57.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 13.3% | 2025 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Gross Intake to First Primary Grade, Female (%) | 129.2% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 68.2 | 2024 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| Gross Intake to First Primary Grade, Total (%) | 141.5% | 2015 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.96 | 2015 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.91 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.47 | 2023 | ▼ 7.3% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.77 | 2023 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Political Stability | -1.97 | 2023 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.02 | 2023 | ▼ 7.7% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.67 | 2023 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.06 | 2023 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 37.3% | 2023 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 24.1% | 2023 | ▲ 8.5% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 26.9% | 2023 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 6.2% | 2023 | ▲ 18.7% | WB |
▶Military5 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 | ▼ 26.3% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $921.7M | 2024 | ▼ 34.6% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 138,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.3% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 6.9% | 2024 | ▼ 15.3% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2021 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $3.00/day (2021 PPP, %) | 38.6% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $4.20/day (2021 PPP, %) | 63.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $8.30/day (2021 PPP, %) | 93.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 33.1% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 31.1 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 24.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.5% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 39.7% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.3% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Growth in Survey Mean Income or Consumption, Total Population (%) | -2.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Income or Consumption (2021 PPP $/person/day) | 4.16 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $3.00/day (2021 PPP, %) | 10.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.38 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.38 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.38 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 4.3 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 518,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $2.28B | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $322.5M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 29.6% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $1.25B | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 4.6% | 2025 | ▼ 8.1% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 6.0M | 2025 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 18.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 4.4% | 2025 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 64.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.9% | 2025 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 13.5% | 2024 | ▲ 2.6% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 8.1% | 2024 | ▲ 3.4% | WHO |
