Turkmenistan
Capital: AshgabatRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: Upper middle income
Turkmenistan's GDP is $76.90B (2026), with a population of 7.5M, and GDP per capita of $11,387. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.3%, inflation at 5.0%, government debt at 3.6% of GDP, life expectancy of 70.1 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Turkmenistan's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $76.90B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 2.3% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $11,387 | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $158.97B | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $23,542 | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.07% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $50.92B | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $6,510 | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $21,020 | 2024 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 37.5% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 50.4% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 12.2% | 2024 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 12.4% | 2024 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 6.6% | 2024 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $67,321 | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 18.0% | 2024 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $5,005 | 2019 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 6.4% | 2024 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2019 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2019 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 5.85% | 2019 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 7.65% | 2019 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 13.5% | 2019 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2019 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $19.26B | 2024 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 5.0% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 3.6% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -0.5% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2026 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1.51 | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 28.7% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 17.6% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 11.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $9.03B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $5.74B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $12.37B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $3.83B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 3.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.64B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 5.2% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $3.32B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.9% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $2.56B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $389.3M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.1% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $36.4M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 40.6% | 2017 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 35.5% | 2017 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 45.7% | 2017 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 5.8% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 11 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 17.2% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 10.4% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 6.1% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 26.5% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 24 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 18.6% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 7.5M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 16 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 491,209 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 469,930 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 47.1% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 3.5M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 52.9% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 70.1 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 66.9 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 72.8 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.7 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 21.7 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.8 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 13,268 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 31.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 64.0% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 4.5% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 56.3% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 7.1% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 49.3% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 202 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 107.5 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 2.2M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 42.0% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 38.2% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 46.1% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 4.3% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 2.5% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.9% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 10.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 21.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 28.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 49.5% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 28.3% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 68.0% | 2025 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.8% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 47.1% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 40.2% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 32.0% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 29.6% | 2024 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2022 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.9% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 95.7% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 94.6% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 20.4% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 98.6% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 81.1% | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 28,415 | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 14,065 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 24,978 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 88,747 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.5 | 2023 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 9.2% | 2012 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 10.9 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 81 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 5,626 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 2,829 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 0.1% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 99.8% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 19.6 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 8.8% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 41,270 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 3.4% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 4.3% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.7% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 84.2% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,834 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 112 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 121.2 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 114 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 800,694 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 15,210 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 347.3 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 4.3% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 4.2% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1868.0% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 1.5M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 88 | 2021 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 5.2 | 2022 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 188.3 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.14% | 2022 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 22 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 1.1M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 62.7 | 2023 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 7,680 | 2018 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 2,340 | 2017 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 13,327 | 2017 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.41 | 2018 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 25.6% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 70.5% | 2025 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 21.2 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.98 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.98 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.42 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.21 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.11 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -2.07 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -1.49 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.88 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 6.6% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 10.8% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 6.6% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 43.1% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Armed Forces Personnel | 57,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 2.9% | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 941,130 | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 26.2% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 8.4% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 94.9% | 2024 |
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