Poland
Capital: WarsawRegion: Europe & Central AsiaIncome: High income
Poland's GDP is $1.11T (2026), with a population of 36.6M, and GDP per capita of $30,651. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.1%, inflation at 2.8%, unemployment at 3.1%, government debt at 65.8% of GDP, life expectancy of 78.5 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Poland's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Stock Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| WIG 20 | 3,433.65 | 2026 |
Financial Markets
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| 10-Year Government Bond Yield (%) | 5.50% | 2025 |
| Central Bank Policy Rate (%) | 5.10% | 2025 |
| Exchange Rate (per USD) | 3.71 | 2026 |
Currencies
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| USD/PLN | 3.7125 | 2026 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.8% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 65.8% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -6.7% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.8% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.1% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 3.8% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 35.9% | 2023 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 39.1% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 18.0% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 35.1% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 13.4% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 2.6% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $223.11B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 5.4 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 3.98 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 1.95 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 67.8% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 100.4% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 52.2% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 48.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $478.89B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $442.18B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $380.06B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $379.31B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 1.1% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $20.61B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $8.69B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 13.5% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 0.3% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $2.79B | 2024 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 33.6% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 21.5% | 2024 |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $197.36B | 2024 |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 8.8% | 2024 |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 749 | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 6.3% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 2.3% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 86.1% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 86.3% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 85.9% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 46.8% | 2025 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 282 | 2025 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 6.5% | 2025 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 36.9% | 2025 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 32.3% | 2025 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 19.9% | 2025 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 3 years | 2025 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 29.7% | 2025 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 36.6M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.3% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 120 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 313,930 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 306,270 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 60.0% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 21.9M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 40.0% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 78.5 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 74.8 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 82.4 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 7.4 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 11.1 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -330,820 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 14.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.1% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 20.1% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 53.7% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 31.0% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.8% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 144.2 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 55.8 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 18.0M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.3% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.6% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.6% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.0% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 3.1% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 10.7% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 6.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 30.0% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 63.8% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 58.8% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 15.0% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 81.1% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 22.6% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 3.9% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.1% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 56.6% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 18.9% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 10.5% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.3% | 2022 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 10.0% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 105.4% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 108.4% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 76.9% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 104.0% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 127.7% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 1,874 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 130,269 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 325,887 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 10 | 2017 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 9 | 2017 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 31.7% | 2016 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 99.9 | 2021 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 31.3% | 2016 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 22.8% | 2016 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 7.6 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 276 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 2,639 | 2023 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 4,382 | 2023 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 17.5% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 15.2% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 100.0% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 18 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 31.1% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 95,190 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 36.6% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 38.2% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 24.0% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 90.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 99.0% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 47.6% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 4,895 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 111.7 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 110 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 113.3 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 7.2M | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 171,783 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 155.6 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 2.5% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 0.9% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 17.5% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 35.2M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 88.6% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 135 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 26.1 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 41,131.9 | 2024 |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 1.45% | 2022 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 3,377 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 111 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 37,368 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $40.11B | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 16.7% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $19.77B | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 2,489 | 2021 |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 3,721 | 2022 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 8.8M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 343.9 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 3.1M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 18,620 | 2021 |
| Railways, Passengers (million km) | 15,844 | 2021 |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 54,387 | 2021 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 3.60 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 1.2% | 2023 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 29.6% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 52.1% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 86.4% | 2025 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 6.2 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.99 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.96 | 2020 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.57 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.42 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | 0.56 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.78 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | 0.46 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.63 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 68.9% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 66.5% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 65.1% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 64.0% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $38.00B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 189,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.0% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 8.5% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 0.8 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.2% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.4% | 2023 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 1.1% | 2023 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 13.3% | 2024 |
| Gini Index | 28.5 | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 22.9% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.3% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 37.3% | 2023 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.6% | 2023 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 4.0% | 2023 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 44.05 | 2023 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 0.1% | 2023 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 45.0% | 2019 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 53.3% | 2019 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 1.2% | 2019 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 79.2% | 2019 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.75 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.79 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.72 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 11.4 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 88.5M | 2019 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 50.6M | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $8.38B | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $5.55B | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 2.6% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $608.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | -0.2% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 1.8M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 8.3% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 5.0% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 4.2% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 88.7% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 97.8% | 2024 |
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