Ecuador
Capital: QuitoRegion: Latin America & Caribbean Income: Upper middle income
Ecuador's GDP is $134.71B (2026), with a population of 18.1M, and GDP per capita of $7,384. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.0%, inflation at 2.8%, unemployment at 3.8%, government debt at 53.8% of GDP, life expectancy of 77.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators. Explore Ecuador's full economic profile with 440+ indicators, interactive charts, and historical data below.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook
Economy
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.8% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 53.8% | 2024 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -1.3% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 3.4% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.8% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 1.5% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 7.1% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 31.0% | 2022 |
| Government Expenditure (% of GDP) | 30.4% | 2022 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 13.1% | 2022 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 21.1% | 2022 |
| Taxes on International Trade (% of revenue) | 6.4% | 2022 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 12.3% | 2022 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2022 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $6.91B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 2.2 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 1 | 2024 |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 0.43 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 57.1% | 2024 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 57.2% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 30.3% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 26.9% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $37.75B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $33.57B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $34.42B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $29.49B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $443.1M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $6.54B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 5.2% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 10.0% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 5.7% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $7.06B | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 49.7% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $60.36B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 7.0% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $38.75B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $9.92B | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.5% | 2023 |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $554.7M | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 61.8% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 56.2% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.8% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 4.2% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 64.5% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 63.5% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 65.6% | 2024 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 37.8% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 50 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 12.8% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 55.7% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 21.0% | 2024 |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 54.6% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 26 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 67.7% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 18.1M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.9% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 72 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 256,370 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 248,360 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 63.2% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 11.5M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 36.8% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 77.4 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 74.7 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.1 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.8 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 15 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.1 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -17,219 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 24.5% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 67.2% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 8.3% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 48.8% | 2024 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 12.4% | 2024 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 36.4% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 140.9 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 81.4 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 9.0M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 64.5% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.4% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 76.9% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.3% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.1% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.8% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 8.2% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 32.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 16.6% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 50.9% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (%) | 64.5% | 2024 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 50.1% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 47.7% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 45.7% | 2024 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 2.2% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 41.0% | 2025 |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 62.4% | 2025 |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 52.3% | 2025 |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 19.0% | 2024 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.9% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 15.5% | 2025 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 96.3% | 2022 |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 95.7% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 96.8% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.1% | 2023 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 97.2% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 92.8% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 67.9% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 100.2% | 2023 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 90.5% | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 86,090 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 28,201 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 77,432 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 93,535 | 2024 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 24 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 21 | 2018 |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 23.3% | 2015 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 94.4 | 2023 |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 12.1% | 2015 |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 43.5% | 2015 |
Health
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 2.6 | 2024 |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 48 | 2024 |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 905 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,589 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 80.9% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 18.9% | 2021 |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 98.7% | 2023 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 94.7% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 16.7 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 49.5% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 123,050 | 2023 |
| Arable Land (%) | 4.1% | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 20.1% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 19.3% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 92.1% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 91.2% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 21.5% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 4,025 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 98.9 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 93.9 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 684,219 | 2023 |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 694,987 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 216.9 | 2023 |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 12.1% | 2023 |
| Agricultural Irrigated Land (%) | 21.1% | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 2.2% | 2022 |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 2.8M | 2023 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 77.2% | 2024 |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 101 | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 16.1 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 490.9 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 35 | 2021 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 373 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 3,574 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $154.3M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 2.5% | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $94.9M | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 78 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 4.6M | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 120 | 2023 |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 2.7M | 2022 |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 956 | 2000 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.88 | 2018 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 20.7% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 43.1% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 52.5% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 39.3% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 106.6% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 55.5 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 104.64 | 2018 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.02 | 2020 |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 1.02 | 2021 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.65 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.49 | 2023 |
| Political Stability | -0.34 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.72 | 2023 |
| Rule of Law | -0.96 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.06 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 27.8% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 32.5% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 19.3% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 32.7% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $2.70B | 2024 |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 42,000 | 2020 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.5% | 2020 |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 5.5% | 2024 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 45.7 | 2023 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 7.3% | 2024 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 12.1% | 2024 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 32.6% | 2024 |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 28.0% | 2024 |
| Gini Index | 45.2 | 2024 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 33.4% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 1.5% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 50.0% | 2024 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 4.3% | 2024 |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | -1.4% | 2024 |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 16.93 | 2024 |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 1.9% | 2024 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 14.9% | 2022 |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 28.1% | 2022 |
| Labor Market Programs Coverage (%) | 0.6% | 2022 |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 41.1% | 2022 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.59 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.61 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.58 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 8.7 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 2.1M | 2019 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 1.5M | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $705.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $533.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 3.1% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $3.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 1.0% | 2024 |
| Population in Largest City | 3.2M | 2025 |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 28.0% | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 28.8% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 57.8% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 69.9% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 49.3% | 2024 |
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