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Turkmenistan

TKMEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeCapital: Ashgabat
Economy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
68/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$84
2027▲ 8.8%
Population
7.5M
2024▲ 1.8%
GDP per Capita
$12,251
2027▲ 7.6%
Life Expectancy
70.1 years
2023▲ 0.2%
Turkmenistan in world space2000–2023
1k10k100k505560657075808590GDP per capita (USD, log)Life expectancy (years)20002023
192 countries · log scale on X world Turkmenistan· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan's GDP is $76.90B (2026), with a population of 7.5M, and GDP per capita of $11,387. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 2.3%, inflation at 5.0%, government debt at 3.6% of GDP, life expectancy of 70.1 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.

Located in Europe & Central Asia, this upper middle-income nation is projected to see a GDP growth of 2.3% in 2026, with a total GDP of $76.897 billion. The GDP per capita is expected to be $11,387.051 in the same year. Inflation is anticipated to be 5.0%, while trade as a percentage of GDP was 28.73% in 2024. The unemployment rate is projected to be 4.267% in 2025. Society. The population is estimated to be 7,494,498 in 2024, with a life expectancy of 70.073 years in 2023. The capital city is Ashgabat.

▶Economy25 indicators · 2019–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
GDP (Current USD, Billions)$842027▲ 8.8%IMF
Real GDP Growth (%)2.3%2027▲ 0.0%IMF
GDP per Capita (USD)$12,2512027▲ 7.6%IMF
GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $)$1652027▲ 4.0%IMF
GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $)$24,2302027▲ 2.9%IMF
Share of World GDP, PPP (%)0.07%2027▼ 1.4%IMF
GNI (Current USD)$50.92B2024▲ 11.9%WB
GNI per Capita (USD)$6,5102024▲ 3.8%WB
GNI per Capita, PPP (USD)$21,0202024▲ 6.9%WB
Industry Value Added (% of GDP)37.5%2024▼ 4.6%WB
Services Value Added (% of GDP)50.4%2024▲ 1.8%WB
Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP)12.2%2024▲ 7.7%WB
Government Consumption (% of GDP)12.4%2024▼ 2.8%WB
GDP Deflator (%)6.6%2024▲ 299.7%WB
GDP per Person Employed (USD)$67,3212024▲ 3.8%WB
Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP)18.0%2024—WB
Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD)$5,0052019—WB
External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP)6.4%2024▼ 29.9%WB
Coal Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2019—WB
Mineral Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2019—WB
Oil Rents (% of GDP)5.85%2019—WB
Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP)7.65%2019—WB
Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP)13.5%2019—WB
Forest Rents (% of GDP)0.00%2019—WB
Industry Value Added (Current USD)$19.26B2024▲ 6.9%WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary5 indicators · 2024–2027 · IMF / WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Inflation, Consumer Prices (%)7.0%2027▲ 40.0%IMF
Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP)3.4%2027▼ 5.6%IMF
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)-0.7%2027▼ 40.0%IMF
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)-0.5%2027▼ 171.4%IMF
PPP Conversion Factor1.512024▲ 4.0%WB
▶Trade9 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Trade (% of GDP)28.7%2024▼ 15.7%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)17.6%2024▼ 18.7%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP)11.2%2024▼ 10.5%WB
Exports of Goods & Services (USD)$9.03B2024▼ 9.0%WB
Imports of Goods & Services (USD)$5.74B2024▲ 0.2%WB
Merchandise Exports (USD)$12.37B2024▼ 14.3%WB
Merchandise Imports (USD)$3.83B2024▼ 4.2%WB
FDI Inflows (% of GDP)3.2%2024▲ 6.6%WB
FDI Net Inflows (USD)$1.64B2024▲ 19.3%WB
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
External Debt (% of GNI)5.2%2024▼ 19.9%WB
External Debt Stocks (USD)$3.32B2024▼ 15.2%WB
Total Debt Service (% of GNI)1.9%2024▼ 25.0%WB
Present Value of External Debt (USD)$2.56B2024—WB
Use of IMF Credit (USD)$389.3M2024▼ 2.8%WB
Net ODA Received (% of GNI)0.1%2023▲ 103.8%WB
Net ODA Received (USD)$36.4M2023▲ 122.7%WB
▶Finance4 indicators · 2017–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%)40.6%2017—WB
Account Ownership, Female (%)35.5%2017—WB
Account Ownership, Male (%)45.7%2017—WB
Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%)5.8%2024—WB
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Time to Get Electricity (days)112024—WB
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%)17.2%2024—WB
Firms with Female Top Manager (%)10.4%2024—WB
Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%)6.1%2024—WB
Firms Offering Training (%)26.5%2024—WB
Average Firm Age (years)24 years2024—WB
Firms Using Computers (%)18.6%2024—WB
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Population7.5M2024▲ 1.8%WB
Population Growth (%)1.8%2024▼ 4.8%WB
Population Density (per km²)162023▲ 1.9%WB
Surface Area (sq km)491,2092023▲ 0.0%WB
Land Area (sq km)469,9302023▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (%)47.1%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Urban Population (total)3.5M2024▲ 1.8%WB
Rural Population (%)52.9%2024▼ 0.0%WB
Life Expectancy at Birth70.1 years2023▲ 0.2%WB
Life Expectancy, Male66.9 years2023▲ 0.3%WB
Life Expectancy, Female72.8 years2023▲ 0.2%WB
Fertility Rate (births per woman)2.72023▼ 1.4%WB
Birth Rate (per 1,000)21.72023▼ 4.0%WB
Death Rate (per 1,000)5.82023▼ 0.1%WB
Net Migration13,2682025▼ 9.4%WB
Population Ages 0–14 (%)31.5%2024▼ 0.5%WB
Population Ages 15–64 (%)64.0%2024▼ 0.1%WB
Population Ages 65+ (%)4.5%2024▲ 6.0%WB
Age Dependency Ratio (%)56.3%2024▲ 0.4%WB
Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%)7.1%2024▲ 6.2%WB
Youth Dependency Ratio (%)49.3%2024▼ 0.4%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000)2022023▼ 1.4%WB
Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000)107.52023▼ 1.6%WB
▶Labor17 indicators · 2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Total Labor Force2.2M2025▲ 1.8%WB
Labor Force Participation (%)42.0%2025▼ 0.3%WB
Female Labor Force Participation (%)38.2%2025▼ 0.3%WB
Male Labor Force Participation (%)46.1%2025▼ 0.4%WB
Unemployment (%)4.3%2025▲ 6.1%WB
Female Unemployment (%)2.5%2025▲ 3.9%WB
Male Unemployment (%)5.9%2025▲ 7.0%WB
Youth Unemployment (%)10.0%2025▲ 7.4%WB
Employment in Agriculture (%)21.9%2025▼ 1.3%WB
Employment in Industry (%)28.6%2025▼ 0.4%WB
Employment in Services (%)49.5%2025▲ 0.8%WB
Vulnerable Employment (%)28.3%2025▼ 0.5%WB
Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total)68.0%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Employers (% of total employment)3.8%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Labor Force, Female (% of total)47.1%2025▼ 0.0%WB
Employment to Population Ratio (%)40.2%2025▼ 0.6%WB
Self-Employed (% of total)32.0%2025▼ 0.4%WB
▶Education17 indicators · 2012–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Education Spending (% of GDP)2.7%2023▼ 24.2%WB
Education Spending (% of govt expenditure)29.6%2024▲ 53.0%WB
Adult Literacy Rate (%)99.9%2022—WB
Female Literacy Rate (%)99.9%2022—WB
Male Literacy Rate (%)99.9%2022—WB
Youth Literacy Rate (%)99.9%2022—WB
Primary School Enrollment (%)95.7%2024▼ 1.7%WB
Secondary School Enrollment (%)94.6%2024▼ 7.7%WB
Tertiary School Enrollment (%)20.4%2024▲ 8.6%WB
Primary Completion Rate (%)98.6%2024▲ 0.9%WB
Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%)81.1%2022—WB
Out-of-School Children, Primary28,4152024▲ 64.3%WB
Out-of-School Girls, Primary14,0652024▲ 59.2%WB
Primary School Teachers24,9782024▲ 2.1%WB
Secondary School Teachers88,7472024▲ 5.9%WB
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary)99.52023▼ 0.3%WB
Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt)9.2%2012—WB
▶Health39 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Health Spending (% of GDP)5.5%2023▲ 2.4%WHO
Health Spending per Capita (USD)$5812023▲ 0.4%WHO
Government Health Spending (% of GDP)0.9%2023▲ 18.0%WHO
Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total)77.4%2023▼ 2.3%WHO
Physicians (per 1,000 people)1.92023▲ 0.7%WHO
Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000)3.52023▼ 0.6%WHO
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)3.62021▼ 2.2%WHO
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births)402023▼ 2.4%WHO
Neonatal Mortality (per 1,000)22.82023▼ 2.1%WHO
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000)52023▲ 0.0%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000)34.72023▼ 2.3%WHO
Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000)44.92023▼ 2.6%WHO
Cause of Death, Communicable (%)22.0%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%)72.3%2019—WHO
Cause of Death, Injury (%)5.7%2019—WHO
Measles Immunization (% of children)99.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
DPT Immunization (% of children)98.0%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000)402024▼ 2.4%WHO
Stunting, Children Under 5 (%)7.2%2019—WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Males (%)10.7%2022▼ 3.6%WHO
Smoking Prevalence, Females (%)0.5%2022▲ 0.0%WHO
Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000)6.82021▲ 4.8%WHO
Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita)2.62020▼ 10.6%WHO
Maternal Deaths72023▼ 3.7%WHO
Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100K)402024▼ 2.4%WHO
Malaria Deaths (estimated)02024—WHO
Malaria Incidence (per 1K at risk)02024—WHO
DTP3 Immunization Coverage (%)98%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Measles Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 0.0%WHO
Hepatitis B Immunization Coverage (%)99%2024▲ 1.0%WHO
Physicians (total)192024▼ 1.9%WHO
Nursing & Midwifery Personnel352024▼ 0.5%WHO
Dentists (total)24,8432024▲ 1.3%WHO
Pharmacists (total)1,1792024▲ 1.0%WHO
Child Wasting (<5 years, %)4.1%2019—WHO
Child Underweight (<5 years, %)3.1%2019—WHO
Universal Health Coverage Index812023▲ 0.0%WHO
Road Traffic Death Rate (per 100K)5092021—WHO
Health Expenditure per Capita (WHO, USD)$5812023▲ 0.4%WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita)10.92024▼ 15.6%WB
CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes)812024▼ 14.1%WB
Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita)5,6262022▲ 9.7%WB
Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita)2,8292022▲ 6.4%WB
Renewable Electricity Output (%)0.0%2021▼ 9.3%WB
Renewable Energy Consumption (%)0.1%2021▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Electricity (%)100.0%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%)99.8%2023▲ 0.0%WB
PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³)19.62020▼ 3.2%WB
Forest Area (%)8.8%2023▲ 0.0%WB
Forest Area (sq km)41,2702023▲ 0.0%WB
Arable Land (%)3.4%2023▼ 1.2%WB
Terrestrial Protected Areas (%)4.3%2024▲ 34.4%WB
Marine Protected Areas (%)4.2%2024▲ 40.0%WB
Access to Basic Drinking Water (%)99.9%2024▼ 0.0%WHO
Access to Basic Sanitation (%)99.7%2024▼ 0.0%WHO
▶Agriculture12 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Agricultural Land (%)84.2%2023▼ 0.4%WB
Cereal Yield (kg per hectare)1,8342023▼ 3.1%WB
Food Production Index (2014–2016=100)1122022▼ 0.2%WB
Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100)121.22022▼ 3.3%WB
Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100)1142022▲ 0.1%WB
Land Under Cereal Production (hectares)800,6942023▼ 2.6%WB
Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes)15,2102023▲ 0.7%WB
Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare)347.32023▲ 1.2%WB
Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)4.3%2023▲ 7.5%WB
Agricultural Irrigated Land (%)4.2%2023▲ 0.4%WB
Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal)1868.0%2022▲ 0.0%WB
Cereal Production (metric tons)1.5M2023▼ 5.6%WB
▶Technology5 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)882021▼ 0.6%WB
Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100)5.22022▲ 27.8%WB
Secure Internet Servers (per million)188.32024▲ 35.7%WB
R&D Spending (% of GDP)0.14%2022▲ 40.0%WB
Scientific Journal Articles222022▲ 76.2%WB
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2017–2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Air Transport, Passengers Carried1.1M2023▲ 52.4%WB
Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km)62.72023▲ 119.0%WB
Rail Lines (total km)7,6802018—WB
Railways, Passengers (million km)2,3402017—WB
Railways, Goods (million ton-km)13,3272017—WB
Logistics Performance Index (1–5)2.412018—WB
Electricity from Oil (%)0.0%2021—WB
Electricity from Nuclear (%)0.0%2021—WB
▶Gender5 indicators · 2020–2025 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Women in Parliament (%)25.6%2024▲ 0.0%WB
Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%)70.5%2025▲ 0.2%WB
Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000)21.22023▼ 4.8%WB
Gender Parity Index, Secondary0.982020▲ 0.1%WB
Gender Parity in Primary Education0.982020▼ 0.0%WB
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Control of Corruption-1.422023▲ 0.9%WB
Government Effectiveness-1.212023▼ 4.1%WB
Political Stability-0.112023▼ 1.1%WB
Regulatory Quality-2.072023▼ 0.1%WB
Rule of Law-1.492023▲ 0.4%WB
Voice & Accountability-1.882023▲ 3.2%WB
Control of Corruption (percentile rank)6.6%2023▲ 16.7%WB
Government Effectiveness (percentile rank)10.8%2023▼ 8.0%WB
Rule of Law (percentile rank)6.6%2023▲ 7.7%WB
Political Stability (percentile rank)43.1%2023▼ 1.7%WB
▶Military2 indicators · 2020 · WB
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Armed Forces Personnel57,0002020▲ 35.7%WB
Armed Forces (% of labor force)2.9%2020▲ 37.4%WB
▶Urban Development6 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
IndicatorValueYearΔ YoYSrc
Urban Population Growth (%)1.8%2024▼ 3.5%WB
Population in Largest City941,1302025▲ 2.1%WB
Population in Largest City (% of urban)26.2%2025▲ 0.4%WB
Population in Slums (% of urban)8.4%2022▼ 1.5%WB
Rural Population Growth (%)1.7%2024▼ 6.0%WB
Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%)94.9%2024▲ 0.0%WHO

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