Chad
TCDSub-Saharan Africa Low incomeCapital: N'DjamenaEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
70/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$25
2027▲ 5.2%
Population
20.3M
2024▲ 5.1%
GDP per Capita
$1,237
2027▲ 2.3%
Life Expectancy
55.1 years
2023▲ 1.0%
Chad in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Chad· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Chad
Chad's GDP is $23.56B (2026), with a population of 20.3M, and GDP per capita of $1,209. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.6%, inflation at 3.6%, government debt at 32.5% of GDP, life expectancy of 55.1 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in Sub-Saharan Africa, the economy is characterized as low income. The capital, N'Djamena, serves as the economic hub. Projected GDP growth for 2026 is 3.6%, with an estimated GDP of $23.556 billion and a GDP per capita of $1208.56. Inflation is anticipated to be 3.6% in 2026. Trade constitutes a significant portion of the economy, with trade/GDP ratio at 47.87% in 2024. Unemployment is expected to be 1.057% in 2025. The population is approximately 20.3 million as of 2024. Life expectancy stands at 55.069 years in 2023. The society faces challenges typical of low-income economies, including limited access to healthcare and education, which impact overall development and quality of life.
▶Economy27 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary11 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.1% | 2027 | ▼ 13.9% | IMF |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 32.9% | 2027 | ▲ 1.2% | IMF |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -2.2% | 2027 | ▲ 8.3% | IMF |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -2.2% | 2027 | ▲ 24.1% | IMF |
| Total Investment (% of GDP) | 27.0% | 2026 | ▼ 0.1% | IMF |
| Gross National Savings (% of GDP) | 24.1% | 2026 | ▼ 2.7% | IMF |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 8.9% | 2024 | ▼ 17.9% | WB |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $1.05B | 2023 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 606.35 | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| PPP Conversion Factor | 212.58 | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 16.0% | 2021 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
▶Trade9 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 47.9% | 2024 | ▲ 2.1% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 29.8% | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 18.1% | 2024 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $5.81B | 2024 | ▲ 8.8% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $3.53B | 2024 | ▲ 8.3% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $4.50B | 2024 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $2.10B | 2024 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 5.2% | 2024 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.02B | 2024 | ▲ 11.6% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 16.4% | 2024 | ▼ 2.8% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $3.35B | 2024 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 1.9% | 2024 | ▼ 23.1% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $2.14B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $875.1M | 2024 | ▼ 9.2% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 6.3% | 2023 | ▲ 57.5% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.14B | 2023 | ▲ 62.0% | WB |
▶Finance7 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 8.3% | 2021 | ▲ 15.1% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | -1.0% | 2023 | ▼ 126.1% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 31.5% | 2023 | ▲ 13.7% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 20.9% | 2024 | ▼ 11.6% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 20.1% | 2024 | ▼ 10.7% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 21.7% | 2024 | ▼ 12.7% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 0.0% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 25 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector5 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 24.8% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 10.7% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 8.5% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 21.0% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 74.8% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 20.3M | 2024 | ▲ 5.1% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 4.9% | 2024 | ▲ 8.2% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 15 | 2023 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 1.3M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 1.3M | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 26.9% | 2024 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 5.5M | 2024 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 73.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 55.1 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 53.2 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 57.0 years | 2023 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 6.1 | 2023 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 42.4 | 2023 | ▼ 2.2% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 11 | 2023 | ▼ 4.0% | WB |
| Net Migration | -123,104 | 2025 | ▼ 160.3% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 46.1% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 51.8% | 2024 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 92.9% | 2024 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 4.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 88.9% | 2024 | ▼ 2.7% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 379.6 | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 309.4 | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
▶Labor18 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 6.7M | 2025 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 59.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 47.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 71.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 1.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 0.7% | 2025 | ▼ 5.9% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 1.3% | 2025 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 1.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 71.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 8.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 19.8% | 2025 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 90.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 8.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 40.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 58.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 91.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 37.0% | 2018 | — | WB |
▶Education17 indicators · 2012–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 3.2% | 2023 | ▲ 23.1% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 16.5% | 2023 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 88.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 23.5% | 2024 | ▼ 2.9% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 4.4% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 41.8% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 18.4% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 855,041 | 2024 | ▼ 4.3% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 519,892 | 2024 | ▼ 5.1% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 54,801 | 2024 | ▲ 6.7% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 23,874 | 2024 | ▼ 28.0% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 57 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 27 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 46.7% | 2012 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 73.0 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 24.7% | 2013 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 31.7% | 2013 | — | WB |
▶Health42 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment15 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.1 | 2024 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 3 | 2024 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 199 | 2022 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 14 | 2022 | ▼ 12.6% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 4.6% | 2021 | ▼ 18.2% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 70.0% | 2022 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 12.0% | 2023 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 9.7% | 2023 | ▲ 10.2% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 49.1 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 3.2% | 2023 | ▼ 2.7% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 39,804 | 2023 | ▼ 2.7% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 4.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 21.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 52.2% | 2024 | ▲ 0.2% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 13.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 40.0% | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 819 | 2023 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 130.3 | 2022 | ▲ 6.0% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 104.4 | 2022 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 145.4 | 2022 | ▲ 6.9% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 3.2M | 2023 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 109,000 | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 6.5 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 32.0% | 2023 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 5.9% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 2.6M | 2023 | ▼ 5.5% | WB |
▶Technology5 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 13.2% | 2023 | ▲ 5.6% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 70 | 2023 | ▲ 7.3% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 1.2 | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 29 | 2022 | ▲ 17.0% | WB |
▶Infrastructure5 indicators · 2014–2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 28,332 | 2014 | — | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0.5 | 2014 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.42 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 98.1% | 2022 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender7 indicators · 2016–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 26.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 3.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 97.1% | 2016 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 134.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 109.08 | 2016 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 0.58 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.80 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.48 | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.48 | 2023 | ▼ 3.9% | WB |
| Political Stability | -1.56 | 2023 | ▼ 6.1% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.16 | 2023 | ▼ 0.6% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -1.35 | 2023 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.43 | 2023 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 4.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 7.5% | 2023 | ▼ 11.1% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 8.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 9.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
▶Military5 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 3.0% | 2024 | ▲ 41.0% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $557.7M | 2024 | ▲ 49.6% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 45,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.8% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 17.2% | 2024 | ▲ 47.1% | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality12 indicators · 2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 39.5% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 61.4% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 89.5% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 44.8% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 37.4 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 29.5% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 2.8% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 44.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 6.9% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Shared Prosperity Premium (%) | 0.5% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Survey Mean Consumption (2017 PPP $ per day) | 4.58 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 12.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection7 indicators · 2020–2022 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Insurance Coverage (%) | 1.6% | 2022 | — | — |
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 9.8% | 2022 | — | — |
| Social Protection Coverage (%) | 11.3% | 2022 | — | — |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.30 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.29 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.31 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 2.8 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism2 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 10,400 | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 5,500 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development8 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 7.2% | 2024 | ▲ 6.7% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 1.7M | 2025 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 29.8% | 2025 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 8.2% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 82.0% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 4.1% | 2024 | ▲ 8.5% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Drinking Water (%) | 6.3% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WHO |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 11.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WHO |
