Namibia
NAMSub-Saharan Africa Lower middle incomeCapital: WindhoekEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
73/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$17
2027▲ 7.7%
Population
3.0M
2024▲ 2.3%
GDP per Capita
$5,477
2027▲ 5.7%
Life Expectancy
67.4 years
2023▲ 5.0%
Namibia in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Namibia· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Namibia
Namibia's GDP is $16.10B (2026), with a population of 3.0M, and GDP per capita of $5,182. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 3.8%, inflation at 3.6%, government debt at 63.3% of GDP, life expectancy of 67.4 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in Sub-Saharan Africa, the economy is classified as lower middle income. Windhoek serves as the capital. The GDP is projected to reach 16.1 billion USD in 2026, with a growth rate of 3.8%. The GDP per capita is expected to be 5182.21 USD in 2026. Inflation is anticipated to be 3.6% in 2026. Trade is significant, with trade to GDP ratio at 109.63% in 2024. Unemployment is projected to be 19.29% in 2025. The population is approximately 3.03 million in 2024. Life expectancy stands at 67.39 years in 2023. The society reflects a blend of traditional and modern influences, with a diverse ethnic composition and multiple languages spoken. The social landscape is shaped by efforts to address historical inequalities and promote inclusive development.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary22 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 109.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 41.6% | 2024 | ▼ 4.5% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 68.0% | 2024 | ▲ 1.3% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $5.57B | 2024 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $9.09B | 2024 | ▲ 9.1% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $6.54B | 2024 | ▲ 18.4% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $8.88B | 2024 | ▲ 21.7% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 14.8% | 2024 | ▼ 20.2% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.3% | 2024 | ▲ 113.4% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.97B | 2024 | ▼ 14.0% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $96.7M | 2024 | ▲ 15.2% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 0.7% | 2024 | ▲ 6.9% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▲ 44.9% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -0.0% | 2024 | ▲ 6.5% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.9M | 2024 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
▶External Debt2 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 2.3% | 2023 | ▼ 15.4% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $271.6M | 2023 | ▼ 16.8% | WB |
▶Finance12 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 89.1% | 2022 | ▼ 14.8% | WB |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 61.0% | 2022 | ▼ 11.4% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 18.5% | 2024 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $2.48B | 2024 | ▲ 4.2% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.2% | 2024 | ▼ 26.3% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 12 | 2024 | ▼ 7.7% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 10.8% | 2023 | ▲ 11.2% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 5.8% | 2023 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 72.9% | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 75.0% | 2024 | ▲ 8.3% | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 70.7% | 2024 | ▼ 4.1% | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 26.9% | 2024 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 31 | 2024 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 5.9% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 46.8% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 27.5% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 60.2% | 2024 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 21 years | 2024 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 56.7% | 2024 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 3.0M | 2024 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.2% | 2024 | ▼ 10.9% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 4 | 2023 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 824,290 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 823,290 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 50.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 1.5M | 2024 | ▲ 3.2% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 49.6% | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 67.4 years | 2023 | ▲ 5.0% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 63.3 years | 2023 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 71.3 years | 2023 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.2 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 25.9 | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.2 | 2023 | ▼ 17.4% | WB |
| Net Migration | 1,866 | 2025 | ▼ 55.7% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 37.0% | 2024 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 59.3% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.7% | 2024 | ▲ 2.8% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 68.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 6.2% | 2024 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 62.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 304.1 | 2023 | ▼ 18.5% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 172.4 | 2023 | ▼ 23.9% | WB |
▶Labor18 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 1.2M | 2025 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 58.8% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 54.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 63.0% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 19.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 18.4% | 2025 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 20.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 38.0% | 2025 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 22.3% | 2025 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 16.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 61.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 29.9% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 63.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 6.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 48.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 47.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 36.5% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 31.9% | 2018 | — | WB |
▶Education19 indicators · 2014–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 9.1% | 2024 | ▼ 3.3% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 24.6% | 2025 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 87.6% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 87.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 87.9% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 92.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 120.7% | 2024 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 82.0% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 26.1% | 2022 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 88.6% | 2024 | ▼ 9.1% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 71.9% | 2024 | ▼ 2.9% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 4,230 | 2024 | ▲ 11.7% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 21,240 | 2024 | ▲ 8.8% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 10,653 | 2024 | ▲ 3.7% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 25 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 16.9% | 2014 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 84.1 | 2017 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 15.3% | 2014 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 50.6% | 2014 | — | WB |
▶Health39 indicators · 2013–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 1.2 | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 4 | 2024 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 692 | 2022 | ▲ 1.7% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,231 | 2022 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 90.9% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 30.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 56.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 48.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 20 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 7.8% | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 64,259 | 2023 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 1.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 24.4% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 1.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 86.5% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 38.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 47.1% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 451 | 2023 | ▼ 7.5% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 100.5 | 2022 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 116.3 | 2022 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 91.3 | 2022 | ▲ 8.2% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 339,089 | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 379,335 | 2023 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 27.1 | 2023 | ▲ 81.4% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 18.1% | 2023 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 1.7% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 153,012 | 2023 | ▼ 9.0% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 64.4% | 2023 | ▲ 5.3% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 88 | 2023 | ▼ 12.8% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 3.5 | 2023 | ▲ 6.9% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 427.4 | 2024 | ▲ 9.7% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.65% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 8 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 12 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 220 | 2022 | ▼ 4.7% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $941,515 | 2024 | ▲ 12.4% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 2.0% | 2024 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $26.0M | 2024 | ▲ 23.7% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 33 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 225 | 2022 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure6 indicators · 2021–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 60,304 | 2023 | ▲ 2585.2% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2021 | ▼ 100.0% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 160,368 | 2022 | ▼ 3.7% | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.90 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.2% | 2022 | ▲ 120.4% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender7 indicators · 2007–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 40.6% | 2024 | ▼ 8.2% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 58.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 113.9% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 66 | 2023 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 113.31 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.14 | 2007 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.97 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.11 | 2023 | ▼ 48.8% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.03 | 2023 | ▼ 55.4% | WB |
| Political Stability | 0.54 | 2023 | ▼ 2.7% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.06 | 2023 | ▼ 315.0% | WB |
| Rule of Law | 0.45 | 2023 | ▲ 7.4% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.58 | 2023 | ▲ 2.9% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 59.0% | 2023 | ▼ 3.1% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 52.8% | 2023 | ▼ 7.4% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 64.6% | 2023 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 63.5% | 2023 | ▼ 1.7% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $362.4M | 2024 | ▲ 6.8% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 16,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.7% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 7.1% | 2024 | ▼ 4.4% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 11.2 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2010–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.45 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.41 | 2010 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.38 | 2010 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.1 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 187,100 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $155.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $77.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 4.0% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $37.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development5 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 3.1% | 2024 | ▼ 6.6% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 511,369 | 2025 | ▲ 3.5% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 32.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 41.4% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.3% | 2024 | ▼ 20.3% | WB |
