Cuba
CUBLatin America & Caribbean Upper middle incomeCapital: HavanaEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
58/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
Cuba in world space
192 countries · log scale on X world Cuba· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Cuba
with a population of 11.0M. Key indicators include life expectancy of 78.1 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in Latin America & Caribbean, this upper middle-income country has a GDP of approximately $100 billion, with a growth rate of around 2% annually. The per capita income stands at about $9,000. The economy is characterized by significant state control, with key sectors including tourism, biotechnology, and agriculture. Trade openness is notably high, with trade accounting for 124.9% of GDP in 2024, reflecting a strong reliance on international commerce. The capital, Havana, serves as the primary economic hub. The population is approximately 11.0 million as of 2024, with a life expectancy at birth of 78.1 years in 2023. The fertility rate is low at 1.4 births per woman. Health spending is substantial, at 9.4% of GDP in 2023, indicating a strong emphasis on public health. Unemployment is minimal, projected at 1.7% in 2025. The country boasts high literacy rates and a robust education system, contributing to its human development indices.
▶Economy20 indicators · 2019–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GNI (Current USD) | $101.87B | 2019 | — | WB |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $9,010 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 23.8% | 2024 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 73.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 1.2% | 2024 | ▼ 11.8% | WB |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 24.8% | 2024 | ▼ 7.1% | WB |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 90.9% | 2024 | ▲ 12.0% | WB |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 24.2% | 2024 | ▲ 13.1% | WB |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 32.2% | 2024 | ▼ 4.0% | WB |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 10.7% | 2024 | ▼ 3.7% | WB |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 16.2% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $7,891 | 2019 | — | WB |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -39.9% | 2024 | ▼ 36.3% | WB |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.24% | 2020 | ▼ 6.4% | WB |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.22% | 2020 | ▼ 59.1% | WB |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.02% | 2020 | ▼ 50.8% | WB |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 0.6% | 2020 | ▼ 38.6% | WB |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 0.07% | 2020 | ▲ 11.7% | WB |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $24.71B | 2020 | ▼ 2.7% | WB |
▶Trade8 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 124.9% | 2024 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 42.5% | 2024 | ▼ 6.9% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 82.4% | 2024 | ▲ 10.0% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $8.77B | 2020 | ▼ 30.6% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $8.07B | 2020 | ▼ 26.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $1.61B | 2024 | ▲ 1.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $8.76B | 2024 | ▼ 2.4% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 7.9% | 2022 | ▼ 88.8% | WB |
▶External Debt2 indicators · 2019–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 0.5% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $167.1M | 2023 | ▲ 20.6% | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 11.0M | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | -0.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 106 | 2023 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 109,880 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 103,800 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 77.2% | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 8.5M | 2024 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 22.8% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 78.1 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 75.7 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 80.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.4 | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 8.7 | 2023 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 10.1 | 2023 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Net Migration | -22,244 | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 15.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 68.1% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 16.6% | 2024 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 46.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 24.3% | 2024 | ▲ 2.5% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 22.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 126.7 | 2023 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 73.2 | 2023 | ▼ 3.2% | WB |
▶Labor17 indicators · 2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 4.9M | 2025 | ▼ 0.8% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 52.2% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 40.0% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 65.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 1.7% | 2025 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 1.9% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 1.7% | 2025 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 4.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 15.5% | 2025 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 16.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 67.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 19.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 75.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 5.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.7% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 39.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.3% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 51.3% | 2025 | ▼ 0.7% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 24.9% | 2025 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
▶Education21 indicators · 2007–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 8.4% | 2022 | ▼ 10.1% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 17.0% | 2022 | ▲ 6.2% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 97.7% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 96.3% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 99.0% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 99.6% | 2019 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 98.1% | 2024 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 91.7% | 2024 | ▼ 4.0% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 43.1% | 2024 | ▼ 13.3% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 91.1% | 2024 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 89.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.1% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 33,328 | 2024 | ▲ 35.7% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 14,674 | 2024 | ▲ 33.1% | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 82,575 | 2024 | ▼ 4.9% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 78,576 | 2024 | ▼ 6.7% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 9 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 10 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 29.0% | 2010 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 89.0 | 2023 | ▲ 0.9% | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 29.1% | 2010 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 25.1% | 2007 | — | WB |
▶Health39 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment16 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 1.9 | 2024 | ▲ 5.3% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 21 | 2024 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 816 | 2022 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,102 | 2022 | ▼ 13.9% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 5.2% | 2021 | ▲ 6.6% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 20.9% | 2021 | ▼ 14.7% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 100.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 94.9% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 21.2 | 2020 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 31.2% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 32,420 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 28.0% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 6.9% | 2024 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 4.2% | 2024 | ▲ 7.7% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 95.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.1% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 94.8% | 2024 | ▲ 0.7% | WHO |
▶Agriculture10 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 61.7% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,070 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 71.4 | 2022 | ▲ 3.4% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 65.8 | 2022 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 87.4 | 2022 | ▲ 11.1% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 142,254 | 2023 | ▼ 5.7% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 13,416 | 2023 | ▼ 7.7% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 3.8 | 2023 | ▼ 36.2% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 18.3% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 294,461 | 2023 | ▼ 6.6% | WB |
▶Technology11 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 71.3% | 2023 | ▲ 4.4% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 70 | 2023 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 3 | 2023 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 192.5 | 2024 | ▲ 13.7% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.36% | 2022 | ▲ 11.6% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 21 | 2021 | ▼ 36.4% | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 86 | 2021 | ▲ 13.2% | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 1,238 | 2022 | ▼ 19.2% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $13.3M | 2022 | ▼ 94.0% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 14 | 2021 | ▼ 26.3% | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 1,968 | 2023 | ▼ 5.3% | WB |
▶Infrastructure8 indicators · 2007–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 136,998 | 2023 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 5.2 | 2023 | ▲ 60.2% | WB |
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 261,080 | 2022 | ▲ 6.0% | WB |
| Rail Lines (total km) | 5,076 | 2007 | — | WB |
| Railways, Goods (million ton-km) | 1,351 | 2007 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.20 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 83.5% | 2022 | ▼ 3.6% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender7 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 55.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 81.1% | 2025 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 104.9% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 48.7 | 2023 | ▲ 1.9% | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 104.54 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.03 | 2021 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.98 | 2021 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -0.06 | 2023 | ▲ 20.5% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | -0.48 | 2023 | ▼ 35.5% | WB |
| Political Stability | 0.38 | 2023 | ▼ 21.8% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | -1.5 | 2023 | ▼ 8.6% | WB |
| Rule of Law | -0.45 | 2023 | ▲ 1.8% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.25 | 2023 | ▲ 6.7% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 52.4% | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 33.5% | 2023 | ▼ 10.1% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 36.3% | 2023 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 56.9% | 2023 | ▼ 7.3% | WB |
▶Military3 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armed Forces Personnel | 76,000 | 2020 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 1.5% | 2020 | ▲ 5.3% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 4.5 | 2019 | — | WB |
▶Tourism4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.1M | 2020 | ▼ 74.6% | WB |
| International Tourism, Departures | 271,000 | 2020 | ▼ 58.3% | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $1.15B | 2020 | ▼ 56.4% | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $15.0M | 2020 | ▼ 69.4% | WB |
▶Urban Development7 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | -0.3% | 2024 | ▲ 6.7% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 2.2M | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 25.5% | 2025 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 19.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 11.0% | 2022 | ▲ 4.7% | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.5% | 2024 | ▼ 20.4% | WB |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 45.9% | 2024 | ▲ 0.8% | WHO |
