Nicaragua
Capital: ManaguaRegion: Latin America & Caribbean Income: Lower middle income
GDP
$21.86B
2026
Population
6.9M
2024
GDP per Capita
$3K
2026
Life Expectancy
74.9 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $21.86B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 2.9% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $3K | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $66.65B | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $9K | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.03% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $18.71B | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $3K | 2024 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $8K | 2024 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 27.6% | 2024 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 46.8% | 2024 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 14.4% | 2024 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 12.3% | 2024 |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 80.6% | 2024 |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 24.7% | 2024 |
| Gross Savings (% of GNI) | 28.0% | 2024 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 7.3% | 2024 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $17K | 2024 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 13.5% | 2024 |
| Medium/High-Tech Manufacturing (% of total) | 13.0% | 2022 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $2K | 2021 |
| Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI) | 12.1% | 2021 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -17.6% | 2024 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 2.68% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.02% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 3.8% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 1.14% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $5.43B | 2024 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 2.7% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 40.1% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | 2.2% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 2.1% | 2026 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 3.4% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 4.6% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 11.2% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 21.5% | 2023 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 19.9% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 46.5% | 2023 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 41.8% | 2023 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2023 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $6.10B | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 5.7 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 36.62 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 39.3% | 2022 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 98.5% | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 58.1% | 2024 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $7.97B | 2024 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $11.43B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $7.52B | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $11.47B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 6.9% | 2024 |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $1.35B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $5.25B | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 26.6% | 2024 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.6% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | 4.2% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $817.6M | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 82.8% | 2024 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $15.49B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 9.7% | 2024 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $6.18B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $600.4M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 3.4% | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 26.6% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 29.7% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 8.0% | 2023 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 1.5% | 2023 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 23.5% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 21.2% | 2024 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 26.0% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 6.9M | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 1.3% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 57 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 130,370 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 120,340 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 59.3% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 4.1M | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 40.7% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 74.9 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 72.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 77.4 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 2.2 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 19.4 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 4.6 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | -8,371 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 28.8% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 65.7% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 5.5% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 52.2% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 165.8 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 92.0 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 3.3M | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 66.1% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 51.3% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 81.8% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 5.0% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 5.2% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 5.0% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 9.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 30.5% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 16.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 52.6% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 38.9% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 55.7% | 2025 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 5.4% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 39.9% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 2.9% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 11.0% | 2024 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 109.5% | 2023 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 70.2% | 2023 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 30.4% | 2023 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 81.7% | 2022 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 53,481 | 2023 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 25,719 | 2023 |
| Primary School Teachers | 29,707 | 2023 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 12,739 | 2023 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 8.3% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $217 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 4.8% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 37.6% | 2023 |
| Hospital Beds (per 1,000) | 1.0 | 2022 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 13.4 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 12.0 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 14.8 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 9.5% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 81.6% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 8.9% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 85.0% | 2023 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 89.0% | 2023 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 43 | 2024 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 4.2 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 3.7 | 2020 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 608 | 2022 |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 682 | 2022 |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 69.5% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 50.4% | 2021 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 59.6% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 16.8 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 25.8% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 31,075 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 10.1% | 2024 |
| Marine Protected Areas (%) | 3.6% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 42.3% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 2,515 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 127.9 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 130.8 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 126.0 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 350,425 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 64.2 | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 0.8% | 2022 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 58.2% | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 5.4 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 94.0 | 2024 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 41 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $16.6M | 2024 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 19.4% | 2024 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Container Port Traffic (TEU) | 153,390 | 2022 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.50 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 35.5% | 2022 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 53.8% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 50.9% | 2025 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 93.5 | 2023 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | -1.39 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | -1.08 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.88 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | -1.39 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 7.1% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 13.2% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 9.4% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 42.2% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 0.5% | 2024 |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.4% | 2020 |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 11.3 | 2021 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.51 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.53 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.49 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.7 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 474,000 | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 325,000 | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $102.0M | 2020 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Largest City | 1.1M | 2025 |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 16.0% | 2025 |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 5.5% | 2020 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 1.0% | 2024 |