Rwanda
RWASub-Saharan Africa Low incomeCapital: KigaliEconomy
Fiscal
People
Health
Education
Trade
Energy / Env
Tech
Governance
Equality
Infra
Labor
77/80 indicators · percentile vs world (IMF / WB / WHO)underover
GDP
$16
2027▲ 5.4%
Population
14.3M
2024▲ 2.2%
GDP per Capita
$1,103
2027▲ 3.2%
Life Expectancy
67.8 years
2023▲ 0.4%
Rwanda in world space2000–2023
192 countries · log scale on X world Rwanda· trajectory line: 1980 → today
▶About Rwanda
Rwanda's GDP is $15.47B (2026), with a population of 14.3M, and GDP per capita of $1,069. Key indicators include real GDP growth of 7.5%, inflation at 4.7%, government debt at 74.8% of GDP, life expectancy of 67.8 years. Data sourced from the IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank World Development Indicators.
Located in Sub-Saharan Africa, this landlocked country has shown significant economic progress. In 2026, the GDP is projected to reach $15.472 billion, with a growth rate of 7.5%. The GDP per capita is expected to be $1069.196, reflecting steady economic development. Inflation is anticipated to be 4.7%, while trade constitutes 69.95% of the GDP, indicating a strong engagement in global commerce. The unemployment rate is projected to be 11.363% in 2025, showing efforts towards maintaining employment stability. The population is estimated to be 14,256,567 in 2024. Life expectancy stands at 67.785 years as of 2023, reflecting improvements in healthcare and living standards. The society continues to focus on recovery and development following historical challenges, with a strong emphasis on community and national unity.
▶Economy30 indicators · 2021–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Fiscal & Monetary22 indicators · 2023–2027 · IMF / WB
▶Trade15 indicators · 2022–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 70.0% | 2024 | ▲ 7.8% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 30.8% | 2024 | ▲ 23.3% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 39.1% | 2024 | ▼ 1.9% | WB |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $4.39B | 2024 | ▲ 22.6% | WB |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $5.58B | 2024 | ▼ 2.5% | WB |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $3.20B | 2024 | ▲ 29.8% | WB |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $6.03B | 2024 | ▲ 15.3% | WB |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 4.0% | 2024 | ▲ 25.9% | WB |
| FDI Outflows (% of GDP) | 0.1% | 2024 | ▲ 6.0% | WB |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $572.9M | 2024 | ▲ 25.2% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $517.0M | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 3.6% | 2024 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 4.8% | 2022 | ▼ 6.2% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -12.7% | 2024 | ▼ 10.4% | WB |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-1.81B | 2024 | ▼ 9.7% | WB |
▶External Debt7 indicators · 2023–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 93.9% | 2024 | ▲ 15.9% | WB |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $13.05B | 2024 | ▲ 14.6% | WB |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 3.1% | 2024 | ▼ 20.3% | WB |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $6.02B | 2024 | — | WB |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $1.10B | 2024 | ▲ 35.5% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 9.9% | 2023 | ▲ 19.7% | WB |
| Net ODA Received (USD) | $1.39B | 2023 | ▲ 29.0% | WB |
▶Finance12 indicators · 2017–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 24.5% | 2024 | ▼ 6.0% | WB |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 22.6% | 2024 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (% of GDP) | 19.3% | 2024 | ▼ 5.5% | WB |
| Stock Market Capitalization (USD) | $2.75B | 2024 | ▼ 6.1% | WB |
| Stock Market Turnover (% of GDP) | 0.3% | 2024 | ▲ 696.7% | WB |
| Listed Domestic Companies | 5 | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 12.0% | 2022 | ▼ 12.3% | WB |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.3% | 2022 | ▼ 28.9% | WB |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 50.0% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 45.0% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 55.7% | 2017 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 24.3% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Business Environment1 indicator · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 48 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Private Sector6 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 9.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 37.8% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 28.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Offering Training (%) | 27.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 28 years | 2023 | — | WB |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 41.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶People23 indicators · 2023–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 14.3M | 2024 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Population Growth (%) | 2.1% | 2024 | ▼ 2.6% | WB |
| Population Density (per km²) | 566 | 2023 | ▲ 2.2% | WB |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 26,338 | 2023 | ▼ 0.0% | WB |
| Land Area (sq km) | 24,670 | 2023 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Urban Population (%) | 29.9% | 2024 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Urban Population (total) | 4.3M | 2024 | ▲ 5.8% | WB |
| Rural Population (%) | 70.1% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 67.8 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 65.5 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 69.9 years | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 3.7 | 2023 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 28.3 | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 5.9 | 2023 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Net Migration | 6,282 | 2025 | ▲ 140.3% | WB |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 37.4% | 2024 | ▼ 1.0% | WB |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 58.7% | 2024 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 3.9% | 2024 | ▲ 2.7% | WB |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 70.3% | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 6.7% | 2024 | ▲ 2.3% | WB |
| Youth Dependency Ratio (%) | 63.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 250.9 | 2023 | ▼ 1.4% | WB |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 172.7 | 2023 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
▶Labor20 indicators · 2024–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 5.8M | 2025 | ▲ 3.0% | WB |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 63.7% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 57.3% | 2025 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 70.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.1% | WB |
| Unemployment (%) | 11.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 12.8% | 2025 | ▼ 3.4% | WB |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 10.1% | 2025 | ▲ 4.8% | WB |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 16.4% | 2025 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 35.1% | 2025 | ▼ 4.0% | WB |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 18.4% | 2025 | ▲ 1.6% | WB |
| Employment in Services (%) | 46.5% | 2025 | ▲ 2.6% | WB |
| Self-Employed (%) | 63.5% | 2024 | ▼ 0.2% | WB |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 39.4% | 2025 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 59.6% | 2025 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 55.1% | 2024 | ▲ 11.8% | WB |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 1.1% | 2025 | ▲ 0.3% | WB |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 46.8% | 2025 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Employment to Population Ratio (%) | 56.4% | 2025 | ▲ 0.2% | WB |
| Self-Employed (% of total) | 40.4% | 2025 | ▼ 1.2% | WB |
| NEET Youth (% not in education/employment) | 25.9% | 2024 | ▼ 7.4% | WB |
▶Education21 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 4.7% | 2024 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 13.9% | 2025 | ▼ 1.8% | WB |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 78.8% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Female Literacy Rate (%) | 76.7% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 81.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 90.0% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 149.6% | 2024 | ▼ 1.5% | WB |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 48.8% | 2024 | ▲ 8.1% | WB |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 9.4% | 2024 | ▲ 5.9% | WB |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 66.8% | 2024 | ▲ 12.7% | WB |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 47.6% | 2024 | ▲ 47.2% | WB |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 19,504 | 2024 | ▲ 113.5% | WB |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 75,157 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Primary School Teachers | 68,326 | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WB |
| Secondary School Teachers | 34,324 | 2024 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 60 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 28 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Expenditure per Student, Primary (% of GDP/cap) | 28.6% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio (Primary) | 67.1 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Secondary (% of govt) | 38.3% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Education Spending, Tertiary (% of govt) | 19.8% | 2018 | — | WB |
▶Health42 indicators · 2019–2024 · WHO
▶Energy & Environment15 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB / WHO
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ Emissions (tonnes per capita) | 0.2 | 2024 | ▼ 1.1% | WB |
| CO₂ Emissions (total kilotonnes) | 2 | 2024 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Energy Use (kg oil eq. per capita) | 373 | 2022 | ▲ 2.0% | WB |
| Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita) | 68 | 2022 | ▲ 12.3% | WB |
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 61.0% | 2021 | ▼ 5.4% | WB |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 79.9% | 2022 | ▲ 0.6% | WB |
| Access to Electricity (%) | 63.9% | 2023 | ▲ 26.3% | WB |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 9.3% | 2023 | ▲ 27.4% | WB |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 31.3 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Forest Area (%) | 11.3% | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 2,790 | 2023 | ▲ 0.4% | WB |
| Arable Land (%) | 47.0% | 2023 | ▼ 6.4% | WB |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 9.1% | 2024 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 61.4% | 2024 | ▲ 0.9% | WHO |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 81.3% | 2024 | ▲ 1.2% | WHO |
▶Agriculture11 indicators · 2022–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 76.3% | 2023 | ▼ 4.6% | WB |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 1,605 | 2023 | ▲ 6.2% | WB |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 117.3 | 2022 | ▼ 0.5% | WB |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 123.2 | 2022 | ▲ 0.5% | WB |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 87.2 | 2022 | ▼ 7.2% | WB |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 527,326 | 2023 | ▼ 1.3% | WB |
| Total Fisheries Production (metric tonnes) | 31,600 | 2023 | ▼ 3.5% | WB |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 31.8 | 2023 | ▲ 7.0% | WB |
| Prevalence of Undernourishment (%) | 24.4% | 2023 | ▼ 8.3% | WB |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 6.4% | 2022 | ▲ 0.0% | WB |
| Cereal Production (metric tons) | 846,384 | 2023 | ▲ 4.9% | WB |
▶Technology13 indicators · 2021–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 34.2% | 2023 | ▲ 9.5% | WB |
| Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people) | 91 | 2023 | ▲ 13.5% | WB |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 0.4 | 2023 | ▲ 27.3% | WB |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 161 | 2024 | ▲ 24.7% | WB |
| R&D Spending (% of GDP) | 0.79% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 14 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 2 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 353 | 2022 | ▲ 7.3% | WB |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $6.8M | 2022 | ▼ 28.6% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 3.2% | 2024 | ▲ 3.9% | WB |
| ICT Service Exports (USD) | $34.5M | 2024 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 11 | 2021 | ▲ 83.3% | WB |
| Researchers in R&D (per million) | 133 | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Infrastructure5 indicators · 2019–2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 1.5M | 2023 | ▲ 7.5% | WB |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0 | 2019 | — | WB |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.80 | 2022 | — | WB |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 16.6% | 2022 | ▲ 8.9% | WB |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Gender9 indicators · 2018–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 63.8% | 2024 | ▲ 4.1% | WB |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 57.2% | 2024 | ▼ 1.6% | WB |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 55.9% | 2025 | ▲ 1.1% | WB |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 123.6% | 2018 | — | WB |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 30.8 | 2023 | ▼ 0.9% | WB |
| Women Who Believe Husband Can Beat Wife (%) | 49.6% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Primary | 127.06 | 2018 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.15 | 2021 | — | WB |
| Gender Parity in Primary Education | 0.99 | 2021 | — | WB |
▶Governance10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 0.67 | 2023 | ▲ 19.6% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.39 | 2023 | ▲ 67.3% | WB |
| Political Stability | 0.11 | 2023 | ▲ 30.6% | WB |
| Regulatory Quality | 0.12 | 2023 | ▼ 23.5% | WB |
| Rule of Law | 0.21 | 2023 | ▲ 38.9% | WB |
| Voice & Accountability | -0.9 | 2023 | ▲ 3.6% | WB |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 73.1% | 2023 | ▲ 4.0% | WB |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 65.1% | 2023 | ▲ 6.2% | WB |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 56.6% | 2023 | ▲ 0.8% | WB |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 49.8% | 2023 | ▲ 1.4% | WB |
▶Military6 indicators · 2020–2024 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Spending (% of GDP) | 1.2% | 2024 | ▼ 0.4% | WB |
| Military Expenditure (USD) | $175.9M | 2024 | ▼ 2.0% | WB |
| Armed Forces Personnel | 35,000 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Armed Forces (% of labor force) | 0.7% | 2020 | — | WB |
| Military Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 4.2% | 2024 | ▼ 8.5% | WB |
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 3.6 | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Poverty & Inequality10 indicators · 2023 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 38.6% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 62.2% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 89.8% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty Headcount, National (%) | 27.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Gini Index | 39.4 | 2023 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 33.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.1% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 47.6% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 7.4% | 2023 | — | WB |
| Poverty Gap at $2.15/day (%) | 10.2% | 2023 | — | WB |
▶Social Protection4 indicators · 2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.38 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.39 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.37 | 2020 | — | WB |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 3.9 years | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Tourism5 indicators · 2019–2020 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 1.6M | 2019 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $212.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $127.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 11.0% | 2020 | — | WB |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $92.0M | 2020 | — | WB |
▶Urban Development6 indicators · 2022–2025 · WB
| Indicator | Value | Year | Δ YoY | Src |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban Population Growth (%) | 5.6% | 2024 | ▼ 5.8% | WB |
| Population in Largest City | 1.3M | 2025 | ▲ 3.3% | WB |
| Population in Largest City (% of urban) | 29.5% | 2025 | ▼ 2.3% | WB |
| Population in Agglomerations >1M (% of total) | 9.1% | 2025 | ▲ 1.0% | WB |
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 38.3% | 2022 | — | WB |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | 0.7% | 2024 | ▼ 2.1% | WB |
