Rwanda · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
29.42023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rwanda | 2010 | 29.268811914 | 15.72760965 | 62.456418902 | — |
| Rwanda | 2011 | 30.187977606 | 16.009899586 | 64.715779445 | — |
| Rwanda | 2012 | 30.870586711 | 16.264600056 | 66.787660226 | — |
| Rwanda | 2013 | 29.859677214 | 15.961262901 | 64.145721575 | — |
| Rwanda | 2014 | 29.504359989 | 15.774279643 | 63.5656128 | — |
| Rwanda | 2015 | 29.684190631 | 15.903245355 | 63.759188099 | — |
| Rwanda | 2016 | 29.737757056 | 15.927645648 | 63.948946902 | — |
| Rwanda | 2017 | 29.115305146 | 15.651321262 | 62.296684807 | — |
| Rwanda | 2018 | 28.993996588 | 15.628363721 | 61.910064644 | — |
| Rwanda | 2019 | 30.095221799 | 16.055570644 | 65.255073686 | — |
| Rwanda | 2020 | 30.062760974 | 16.077246043 | 65.039150127 | — |
| Rwanda | 2021 | 30.100775672 | 16.121454969 | 65.346397624 | — |
| Rwanda | 2022 | 29.87369109 | 16.001915574 | 64.85635746 | — |
| Rwanda | 2023 | 29.355661092 | 15.76530487 | 63.564240198 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.