Development
HDI (Human Development Index)
Definition
A composite index measuring average achievement in three dimensions: health (life expectancy), education, and standard of living (GNI per capita).
Explanation
Created by the UNDP, the HDI ranges from 0 to 1. Countries above 0.8 are "very high human development" (Norway, Switzerland, Iceland lead). The HDI is useful because it goes beyond pure economic output to include health and education outcomes. However, it doesn't capture inequality, sustainability, or political freedom.