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Unemployment rate, persons 15 to 74, monthly, Eurostat SA selection
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Definition, coverage & attribution
ILO/EU-LFS unemployment rate, persons 15 to 74, both sexes, percent of the labour force. Eurostat s_adj=SA selection: France is seasonally adjusted by Eurostat; Germany is X13 trend data that Eurostat labels SA; EU27_2020 is the fixed 27-country composition summed from national levels. France monthly values are LFS-benchmarked using registered unemployment only as an auxiliary indicator, and recent months are nowcasts. No p flag was supplied in the reviewed baseline; retain explicit future flags and infer none. Routine revisions settle after about 6 months. Acquisition and dataset update clocks are not exact publisher availability or historical vintages.
Source: Eurostat, une_rt_m (DOI 10.2908/UNE_RT_M), https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/une_rt_m/default/table?lang=en, accessed 2026-11-11. SOTW selected Germany, France and the fixed EU27_2020 aggregate and restructured the data; values and flags are not recalculated. Eurostat is not responsible for this republication.
Reuse terms: EU-2011-833. Effective resale permission: permitted under the provider terms.
Series-wide coverage: 1983-01-01 to 2026-09-01. SOTW publication: 2026-11-11T14:15:05.236885+00:00.
Acquisition and dataset-update dates do not establish original publication dates. This view shows current source readings. Use a recorded-state pin to replay SOTW’s archive from its activation boundary.
Same exact source series, unit, frequency and definition. National exceptions and source flags still apply.
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"sex": "T, both sexes",
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"timeliness": "Seasonally adjusted rates are published approximately 31 days after the end of the reference month (ESMS 14.1). Release dates follow the Eurostat euro-indicator calendar; ECB and DG EMPL receive data under embargo the evening before (ESMS 8.3).",
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"revision_context": "ESMS 17.2 dated note: Germany data revised back to 2009 due to Census 2021 revisions, published on 3 June 2025. The b flag at 2009-01 coincides in date; its specific cause is not asserted.",
"adjustment_method": "Trend, labelled SA. The sources and methods annex 1.3 states: Presentation on Eurostat level, NSA and TREND data are presented online; TREND data is labelled as SA in the online database; X13 ARIMA in JDemetra+, indirect approach. ESMS 18.5 says trend data instead of seasonally adjusted data is published for Germany. SOTW treats DE s_adj=SA values as the X13 trend series by this publisher statement, not by numerical comparison.",
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"adjustment_method": "Seasonally adjusted by Eurostat with TRAMO-SEATS RSA3 (no calendar effects), indirect approach (annex 2.6). Press-release headline is SA.",
"geography_context": "Includes the overseas departments (ESMS 3.7, 15.1). ESMS 17.2 dated note: France data revised back to 2003 due to the inclusion of Mayotte, published on 1 October 2026. The b flag at 2003-01 coincides in date; its specific cause is not asserted.",
"compilation_method": "Quarterly LFS ILO unemployment levels are disaggregated to months with a proportional (modified) Denton method using registered unemployment counts as the monthly indicator, so each quarter averages to its LFS level. Months beyond the latest LFS quarter are nowcast (one to four months) by forecasting the benchmark ratio with seasonal ARIMA and multiplying it by registered counts. Which observations are nowcast is not flagged in the API.",
"provisional_context": "For countries using registered counts, data are usually revised for the last 1 to 6 months when new LFS data arrive (ESMS 17.2). No p flag was supplied in the reviewed baseline; retain explicit future flags and infer none.",
"input_method_context": "ESMS 18.5: an updated national input methodology is in use since January 2025, affecting input time series consistency; Eurostat modelled the December 2024 to January 2025 evolution for youth figures. This selection is all ages 15 to 74; no youth adjustment is applied or inferred here.",
"public_adjustment_label": "Seasonally adjusted (TRAMO-SEATS, Eurostat)"
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"compilation_method": "European levels are obtained by adding up national data; rates are calculated from levels (ESMS 18.5). Data are published only once sufficiently complete for all contributors (ESMS 17.2). Whether a given member enters this SA aggregate as trend or SA data is not stated in the retained documents and is not inferred.",
"public_adjustment_label": "Seasonally adjusted aggregate of national data (Eurostat)"
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"existing_identity_preserved": {
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