Singapore · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
11.82023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singapore | 2010 | 17.430060176 | 15.828436377 | 19.534099282 | — |
| Singapore | 2011 | 18.099855734 | 16.536039804 | 20.547648055 | — |
| Singapore | 2012 | 18.222253057 | 16.657255853 | 20.398681349 | — |
| Singapore | 2013 | 19.825752314 | 18.132102845 | 22.545199633 | — |
| Singapore | 2014 | 18.55916122 | 16.943917819 | 20.829485481 | — |
| Singapore | 2015 | 20.58459151 | 18.884585077 | 23.200413683 | — |
| Singapore | 2016 | 16.082189128 | 14.674551383 | 17.928709987 | — |
| Singapore | 2017 | 14.681433961 | 13.42611605 | 16.356015102 | — |
| Singapore | 2018 | 14.555560866 | 13.343729373 | 16.246195071 | — |
| Singapore | 2019 | 16.185060457 | 14.680022567 | 18.117709738 | — |
| Singapore | 2020 | 10.954093999 | 10.072207698 | 12.179057168 | — |
| Singapore | 2021 | 11.100655505 | 9.996730812 | 12.289265881 | — |
| Singapore | 2022 | 11.400523034 | 10.324427286 | 12.635887264 | — |
| Singapore | 2023 | 11.843373932 | 10.729597349 | 13.157311744 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.