Kazakhstan · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
17.22023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 2010 | 29.3644165 | 24.014768171 | 36.136629699 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2011 | 31.422217328 | 24.800725162 | 39.198444949 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2012 | 29.315177536 | 23.558674446 | 36.505970716 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2013 | 26.244052321 | 21.413082631 | 31.422452477 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2014 | 24.07730217 | 20.464712792 | 28.464497338 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2015 | 26.641168501 | 23.064365786 | 31.119815499 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2016 | 23.562061607 | 20.707718811 | 26.715933367 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2017 | 21.993696237 | 19.293240627 | 25.24308812 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2018 | 21.744267721 | 18.788660741 | 24.863869036 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2019 | 23.011450207 | 19.778340361 | 26.510454397 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2020 | 20.067885921 | 17.255963836 | 23.121243794 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2021 | 21.44070845 | 18.811661489 | 25.101061959 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2022 | 19.609849332 | 16.979975426 | 22.925837991 | — |
| Kazakhstan | 2023 | 17.211652403 | 14.578714176 | 20.046882631 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.