Japan · Urban PM2.5 Concentration (WHO)
8.52023
Unit: micrograms per cubic metre. Publisher measure: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).
Annual population-weighted PM2.5 concentration in urban areas, matching WHO SDG11.6.2 metadata; label urban scope explicitly.
Measurement basis: model-based estimate.
Displayed values are rounded, with extra precision when needed to keep a positive estimate positive. Downloads retain the full numeric estimate and the publisher's original display text separately.
A “<” sign means strictly below the stated number. Numeric readings and uncertainty endpoints keep their own comparison signs. A number without a sign does not establish certainty or an observed outcome.
World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory); retrieved 2026-09-07. Retrieval time is separate from an official publisher release vintage.
Download this immutable source capture · Source and coverage corrections
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.
History and uncertainty
Charts plot numeric readings. Reported upper bounds create gaps; their values, uncertainty endpoints and source notes remain available in the table and downloads.
Reported estimates and uncertainty · 14 rows
Each comparison sign applies to its own reading or uncertainty endpoint. Values retain source precision. “Not reported” identifies an absent reading or uncertainty endpoint in this source capture.
| Country | Year | Reading | Lower endpoint | Upper endpoint | Publisher note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | 2010 | 14.93244451 | 14.097687779 | 15.7711516 | — |
| Japan | 2011 | 14.543843952 | 13.778001457 | 15.322162415 | — |
| Japan | 2012 | 13.124376897 | 12.478648768 | 13.847256158 | — |
| Japan | 2013 | 13.92132788 | 13.1826196 | 14.796971182 | — |
| Japan | 2014 | 13.510244097 | 12.794423175 | 14.191059415 | — |
| Japan | 2015 | 13.235860256 | 12.558081407 | 14.087766272 | — |
| Japan | 2016 | 12.383323717 | 11.74859084 | 13.054937727 | — |
| Japan | 2017 | 12.129367538 | 11.553964477 | 12.79651354 | — |
| Japan | 2018 | 11.49203795 | 10.899780104 | 12.105340848 | — |
| Japan | 2019 | 10.758142387 | 10.22969429 | 11.344108468 | — |
| Japan | 2020 | 9.200340249 | 8.743866275 | 9.700678604 | — |
| Japan | 2021 | 8.763358723 | 8.367155579 | 9.213741788 | — |
| Japan | 2022 | 8.73496123 | 8.307239414 | 9.239188065 | — |
| Japan | 2023 | 8.526004397 | 8.072571841 | 9.007546834 | — |
One row per country, indicator and year, with raw values, source links and reuse notices. Thresholds have an empty numeric value and separate number/operator fields; value_kind distinguishes upper bounds from absent readings.