Panama—R&D Spending (% of GDP)
Category: TechnologySource: World Bank World Development IndicatorsGlobal Rank: #89 of 105
Latest Value
0.16%
2023
YoY Change
-13.4%
2022 → 2023
Global Rank
#89
of 105 countries
Maximum
0.36%
2000
Minimum
0.06%
2013
CAGR
-3.6%
24 years
Last
0.16%
Previous
0.18%
Highest
0.36%
Lowest
0.06%
Source
World Bank World Development Indicators
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators
Historical Data
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.16% | -13.4% |
| 2022 | 0.18% | +3.1% |
| 2021 | 0.18% | -23.9% |
| 2020 | 0.23% | +70.5% |
| 2019 | 0.14% | +2.0% |
| 2018 | 0.13% | -1.3% |
| 2017 | 0.14% | +2.2% |
| 2016 | 0.13% | +23.2% |
| 2015 | 0.11% | -12.6% |
| 2014 | 0.12% | +98.1% |
| 2013 | 0.06% | -17.6% |
| 2012 | 0.08% | -56.5% |
| 2011 | 0.17% | +19.7% |
| 2010 | 0.14% | +9.4% |
| 2009 | 0.13% | -30.7% |
| 2008 | 0.19% | +4.9% |
| 2007 | 0.18% | -22.8% |
| 2006 | 0.24% | +1.5% |
| 2005 | 0.23% | +2.4% |
| 2004 | 0.23% | -29.5% |
| 2003 | 0.32% | -6.2% |
| 2002 | 0.34% | -5.1% |
| 2001 | 0.36% | -0.5% |
| 2000 | 0.36% |
Top Countries — R&D Spending (% of GDP)
| # | Country | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Israel | 6.02% | 2022 |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | 5.87% | 2019 |
| 3 | Korea, Rep. | 5.21% | 2022 |
| 4 | United States | 3.59% | 2022 |
| 5 | Sweden | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 6 | Belgium | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 7 | Japan | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 8 | Switzerland | 3.31% | 2021 |
| 9 | Austria | 3.20% | 2022 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.13% | 2022 |
About This Indicator
Definition
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Methodology
Data compiled by Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02.
Source: World Bank - World Development IndicatorsView original source →