Montenegro—R&D Spending (% of GDP)
Category: TechnologySource: World Bank World Development IndicatorsGlobal Rank: #67 of 105
Latest Value
0.36%
2019
YoY Change
-27.9%
2018 → 2019
Global Rank
#67
of 105 countries
Maximum
1.23%
2006
Minimum
0.31%
2011
CAGR
-4.8%
13 years
Last
0.36%
Previous
0.50%
Highest
1.23%
Lowest
0.31%
Source
World Bank World Development Indicators
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators
Historical Data
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 0.36% | -27.9% |
| 2018 | 0.50% | +44.3% |
| 2017 | 0.35% | +7.5% |
| 2016 | 0.32% | -13.2% |
| 2015 | 0.37% | +3.0% |
| 2014 | 0.36% | -3.0% |
| 2013 | 0.37% | +18.9% |
| 2011 | 0.31% | -72.5% |
| 2007 | 1.15% | -6.9% |
| 2006 | 1.23% | +33.0% |
| 2005 | 0.92% | -9.3% |
| 2004 | 1.02% | +27.7% |
| 2003 | 0.80% |
Top Countries — R&D Spending (% of GDP)
| # | Country | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Israel | 6.02% | 2022 |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | 5.87% | 2019 |
| 3 | Korea, Rep. | 5.21% | 2022 |
| 4 | United States | 3.59% | 2022 |
| 5 | Sweden | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 6 | Belgium | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 7 | Japan | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 8 | Switzerland | 3.31% | 2021 |
| 9 | Austria | 3.20% | 2022 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.13% | 2022 |
About This Indicator
Definition
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Methodology
Data compiled by Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02.
Source: World Bank - World Development IndicatorsView original source →