Macao SAR, China—R&D Spending (% of GDP)
Category: TechnologySource: World Bank World Development IndicatorsGlobal Rank: #77 of 105
Latest Value
0.26%
2023
YoY Change
-39.6%
2022 → 2023
Global Rank
#77
of 105 countries
Maximum
0.45%
2020
Minimum
0.04%
2011
CAGR
+6.8%
23 years
Last
0.26%
Previous
0.44%
Highest
0.45%
Lowest
0.04%
Source
World Bank World Development Indicators
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators
Historical Data
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.26% | -39.6% |
| 2022 | 0.44% | +17.1% |
| 2021 | 0.37% | -17.7% |
| 2020 | 0.45% | +83.4% |
| 2019 | 0.25% | +22.9% |
| 2018 | 0.20% | +16.9% |
| 2017 | 0.17% | -26.7% |
| 2016 | 0.23% | +72.1% |
| 2015 | 0.14% | +55.5% |
| 2014 | 0.09% | +71.5% |
| 2013 | 0.05% | +6.8% |
| 2012 | 0.05% | +8.2% |
| 2011 | 0.04% | -11.7% |
| 2010 | 0.05% | -7.3% |
| 2009 | 0.05% | -46.5% |
| 2008 | 0.10% | +77.8% |
| 2007 | 0.06% | -31.4% |
| 2006 | 0.08% | -5.4% |
| 2005 | 0.09% | +63.9% |
| 2004 | 0.05% | -14.4% |
| 2003 | 0.06% | -10.2% |
| 2002 | 0.07% | +11.8% |
| 2001 | 0.06% |
Top Countries — R&D Spending (% of GDP)
| # | Country | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Israel | 6.02% | 2022 |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | 5.87% | 2019 |
| 3 | Korea, Rep. | 5.21% | 2022 |
| 4 | United States | 3.59% | 2022 |
| 5 | Sweden | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 6 | Belgium | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 7 | Japan | 3.41% | 2022 |
| 8 | Switzerland | 3.31% | 2021 |
| 9 | Austria | 3.20% | 2022 |
| 10 | Germany | 3.13% | 2022 |
About This Indicator
Definition
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Methodology
Data compiled by Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02.
Source: World Bank - World Development IndicatorsView original source →